这也是我刚刚做的,希望你能用得上,如果觉得可以,记得给我加分啊!!金融全球化与金融风暴摘要:金融的全球化浪潮起源于20世纪80年代。到20世纪90年代,金融全球化已蔚然形成一股浪潮,具体表现为金融市场迅猛扩大、世界各国金融市场开放程度越来越高、金融管制越来越松、资本流动速度大大加快、金融创新层出不穷、各国金融政策相互影响程度不断增大,因此越来越倾向于一体化。随金融全球化而来的是金融自由化,虽不能说是金融自由化带来了金融风暴但至少它们也是存在联系的。关键词:全球化 世界市场 一体化 金融自由化 金融安全引言:当前,金融自由化已成为一种世界潮流,推动了金融全球化的发展。金融全球化需要建立各国经济政策的协调机制,需要金融监管的国际合作,而目前这种约束机制的发展远远滞后于自由化的发展速度,这是造成近年来国际金融领域动荡不安的主要原因。推进金融自由化,应当认识这一现实状况,仍需要保有必要的金融管制,以维护本国的基本金融安全。正文:一 金融全球化目前大家见面讨论最多的经济问题应该就是所谓的金融风暴,经济危机。目前中国对外开放程度不断提高深度不断加强,想不受其影响无疑是痴人说梦。中国经济是世界经济的重要组成部分。。金融的全球化浪潮起源于20世纪80年代。进入20世纪90年代,金融全球化已蔚然形成一股浪潮,具体表现为金融市场迅猛扩大、世界各国金融市场开放程度越来越高、金融管制越来越松、资本流动速度大大加快、金融创新层出不穷、各国金融政策相互影响程度不断增大,因此越来越倾向于一体化。然而,金融的全球化浪潮给世界经济尤其是发展中国家经济带来的不仅仅是推动促进作用,伴随这股浪潮而来的是金融危机的频繁爆发及由此引致的经济衰退和政局动荡,20世纪90年代爆发的金融——经济危机举其大者而言就有1992年英镑危机、1994-1995年的墨西哥及拉美金融危机、1997-1998年的东南亚-东亚金融危机及嗣后的俄罗斯金融危机等若干起。而现在由于次贷危机引发的全球性经济危机越演越烈。我们不得不对此产生反思。金融本身就具有不断扩展其自身秩序的特点,不是为经济全球化充当媒介而才具有全球化趋向。这是因为金融本身是一种“以数目字管理”的手段,它的出现使千差万别的经济要素和资源要素得到统一的可比较的数目字表现,并使不同时点的经济要素得以在同一的基础上进行对比(通过信用的形式)权衡,这一机制一旦形成,则无待于经济的全球化对其提出诉求,金融因素将自发展开其扩张进程。经济全球化在相当大的意义上即是金融全球化的宏观表现。因为作为现代经济一大特点的经济全球化也是以金融要素为主要媒介展开的。我国于2001年 12月10日正式加入了WTO,承诺在10年的准备期后将全面放开国内金融市场。这表明了我国顺应金融全球化潮流,实现金融领域全面、真正意义上的对外开放的决心和态度。WTO的加入就我国对外开放政策演变乃至整个经济体制改革和变迁而言,是一个标志性的事件;金融全球化成为一股不可逆转的浪潮,这是由现代经济的发展和现代金融的演进变迁所决定的。我国正在直接面临来自国际的挑战。在新的竞争形势和竞争背景下,金融业应如何合理作为和积极应对,才能有效控制、消弭既有的金融风险和开放后将不可避免面临的技术性风险和制度性风险,充分保障自身的安全,并在一个国际范围的竞争环境中确立自身的竞争优势呢?笔者认为个中关键在于充分借鉴西方发达国家经验、充分参考国际规范,推进金融制度安排的创新和金融制度结构的整体演进,实现我国金融业规范化转变和与国际的接轨。 二 金融风暴在市场经济条件下,金融风险具有客观性,无法消灭。微观主体总是基于对相关变量趋势的判断而作出决策,一旦变量的变化结果与决策者的判断相悖,就可能发生损失。在严格的条件限制下,如在完全信息条件下,进行理性决策.市场机制高效率等等,当事人会根据自身的风险承受能力以及风险偏好,在“风险与收益对称”原则的支配下进行决策,即使发生损失,但在可以承受的范围之内,个别风险事件不会扩散为危及整个社会的金融动荡。然而,在现实中,如此严格的假设很难成立,个别风险所产生的损失可能会超过自身可承受的能力,金融机构间相互交织的债权债务网络,以及信息不对称情况下人们普遍具有的从众心理所产生的“羊群效应”,可能使微观领域的风险最终影响到金融体系的稳定。金融自由化的过程是一个逐步消除金融管制,而更多地依靠市场机制的作用来调节金融交易的过程。但是,单纯依靠市场机制的作用是难以达到最优的。为了将风险控制在一定程度一定范围之内,为了保护掌握信息较少的一方的利益,也为了及时化解风险,防止局部危机扩散形成系统危机,按照一定的法律法规对金融机构进行监督管理。这是我们常说的金融监管金融自由化是一个对内消除管制,对外实行金融开放的过程。但是,在金融开放的情况下,由于存在各国宏观经济政策的不协调以及金融监管的“真空”地带,使得与维护金融安全有关的变量处于不可控的状态。在目前的国际金融体制下,随着一国金融开放程度的提高,更多的风险因素来自外部。近年来,几次重大的国际金融动荡均与来自外部的冲击有关。因此,为了维护基本的金融安全,需要保有必要的金融管制。四 金融全球化与金融风暴随着金融服务的开放,资本项目限制的取消。金融业竞争加剧使金融机构破产的可能性加大。由于境内的外资金融机构多数是跨国金融机构,任何一个分支部门的风险都可能危及整体。随着金融服务贸易自由化的深入,大量外资金融机构进入使得资本管制的难度加大。跨国银行的总部与海外分支机构间的资金调拨,将会导致资本的流出入,难以有效管制资本帐户。发展中国家的金融市场规模窄小,受资本流动的冲击的影响较大。而且这些国家在信息披露方面也不完善,投资者对市场缺乏了解,其观点更容易改变,盲目跟风的“羊群效应”往往更为明显。正因为如此,资本项目的开放是发展中国家金融自由化进程中最有争议的问题。随着金融服务贸易的自由化,以及经常项目管制的取消,资本的转移可以有更多的渠道逃避资本管制;随着资本管制成本的上升,以及显而易见的开放利益,使得许多发展中国家仍然急急忙忙地开放了资本项目。资本项目的开放应当采取“渐进”的方式,根据已具备的条件,逐步消除管制。这些条件包括:建立起更有弹性的、灵活的汇率制度;推进利率市场化;建立抑制通货膨胀的机制;等等。然而,由于资本流动受各国政策影响较大,如果各国缺乏政策的协调,各自奉行“以邻为壑”的政策,结果将是灾难性的。在当前的国际货币体系下,缺乏国际政策协调的机制,有关资本流动的国际监管也远未形成,因此,对于一国而言,即使通过内部的改革,已具备了上述的条件,在开放资本项目时,为了谨慎起见,仍然需要保留必要的管制措施。总而言之金融全球化是一股不可逆转的时代潮流,金融风暴在一定程度上不可避免但它也并不可怕。结论:金融全球化是一股不可逆转的时代潮流,它是由分工演进和经济发展本身的逻辑所决定的,也是由金融本身的特点和演进逻辑决定的;在这样的背景下,只有顺应这一潮流,才有可能将本国的发展和进步融入到世界整体发展中去,从而实现“与时俱进”的良性循环;对发展中国家而言,顺应金融全球化潮流、推进金融对外开放进程与保卫本国金融安全、维护本国金融利益始终是一对相伴相生的矛盾;要在一个全球化日甚的金融宏观背景下维护本国金融安全,关键在于实现金融创新的不断展开,同时保留必要的金融管制。无没有规矩不成方圆自由化必须有一个限度必须在一个可以控制的范围内。参考文献:1.张亦春 许文彬《金融全球化、金融安全与金融演进》中国论文下载中心2.吴维 吴春永《金融自由化•金融风险•金融管制》中国论文下载中心 米勒 论今日东南亚金融危机[J] 金融研究,1998,(2) 4.王伟东 中国经济市场化进程中的金融风险控制[J] 经济改革与发,1998,(5) 5.赵海宽 中国金融体制改革的经验及其方向[J] 宏观经济研究,1999,(2)
l
Summarize the key message of an article called” Land of the Rising Price”:A burst of inflation has happened in Japan in 2008, which makes the price A broker named Christopher Wood points out that it is definitely But others don’t agree with the John Richards, who works in the Royal Bank of Scotland in Tokyo, claims that the recovery in Japan has depended on exports too However, the demand from Asia, America and Europe has slowed this The rising price causes to reduce companies’ profit margins, while customers’ purchasing power also Richard Jerram, who works in Macquarie Capital Securities in Tokyo, suggests that when the value of savings is changed by inflation, households are possible to transfer savings into other assets in order to get higher But M Wood argues that the bad inflation, which makes the various costs increase, is another type of That will cause rapid and deep change in Japan according to the He strongly believes that the rapid and deep change will happen However, that will not One of important reason is that the interest rate can’t be increased by the central bank as quickly as the bank would Another reason is that if money remains cheap, corporate reform is impossible to take So the inflation is not good news for JWhat cause deflation in Japan:Deflation is a process of falling price, which is the opposite of Price levels are highly connected with the relationship between the supply and the To understand and express the definition of deflation simply, there is assumption that we are on an isolated island and there are 10 same goods and ten $00 bills that are able to buy them If everyone wants to get one of them, it is obvious that each good costs $ However, if some people don’t want to get it, the price in each good will decrease because sellers want to sell all of So they have to decrease the price in order to encourage people who don’t want to buy any more buy the This is one of types of deflation, which is caused by decreasing the demand of (InflationD, ND)To express the theory more clearly, let’s see a diagram In this diagram, the horizon axis y represents total product (national income), while the straight axis represents price AD represents aggregate demand curve, while AS represents aggregate supply When the aggregate demand curve drops from AD to AD’, the total product, which depends on the point of intersection between AD curve and AS curve, don’t increase, is still y’ But the price level decreases from P to P’ So this is deflation caused by decreasing the demand of But in the isolated island, if the quantity of money drops to $0, while the number of goods is 10, the price in each good will decreases to $ This is another type of deflation, which is caused by reducing the supply of By the way, the supply of money can also be dropped if someone holds half of money on the island and refuses to spend it on (InflationD, ND)According to the line chart in the article called” Land of the Rising Price”, it is clear that the consumer price fluctuated at very low level during the last ten That means the purchasing power is low, which is a sign of The situation in the last ten years is caused by decreasing the demand of goods or decreasing the supply of Is deflation good for an economy?In fact, whether deflation is good or not depends on the cause of the If deflation is caused by increasing the goods supply, it will be For example, in the late 19th century, with the industrial revolution happening, the productivity of goods was So the supply of goods obviously went Therefore, the price level Decreasing the goods demand or increasing the goods supply has the same If, however, deflation is caused by reducing money supply, it will be The economy contracted because of lack of People may lose their Thus, banks don’t loan money because people have no ability to pay off Therefore, money supply will fall again, while more people may lose their (InflationD, ND)BOJ’s monetary policyMonetary policy is generally classified as an expansionary policy and a contractionary A policy is referred to as contractionary if it decreases the supply of money or increases the interest An expansionary policy raises the supply of money, or drops the interest Obvious from the line chart in the article called” Land of the Rising Price”, the gross interest income dropped quickly from 1994 to In other words, the interest rate in the 12 years decreased That means BOJ’s monetary policy was an expansionary Therefore, the supply of money could be increased using this That would activate the aggregate (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2008)Though the policy was on the correct track, I don’t think BOJ was successful in solving the deflation One of important reason is that the time of reducing interest rate was more than 10 years, which was too That means BOJ did not find a suitable interest rate during the 12 Another important reason is that when a burst of inflation has happened in 2008, the aggregate demand is not activated The inflation relies on Japan imports mostly, rather than increasing domestic So the purpose of the policy has not achieved The third reason is that the interest rate can’t be increased by BOJ as quickly as BOJ would Bad overseas and domestic economic situation prevent from increasing the interest So generally, BOJ was not successful in solving the Interest rate, exports and exchange rateThe interest rate has very strong effect on the exchange As we all know, the interest rate level depends on the relationship between the demand and the supply in foreign exchange Foreign exchange is one type of financial An investor chooses and holds it because it brings capital Actually, the return of currency in each country is measured by the interest rate in each country’s financial If the interest rate of currency in one country rises, the return will also rise, attracting investors to buy the If the interest rate drops, the return will Therefore, the attraction of the currency is BOJ has kept the interest rate low, which is the lowest of any G8 That means the interest rate of Japanese Yen is lower than many other countries, which leads to increasing capital outflows, reducing capital Thus, investors who hold Japanese Yen will sell the currency, which will make the exchange rate Decreasing exchange rate of Japanese Yen always leads to rising Japanese exports and reducing the First, with the depreciation of Japanese Yen, price of domestic goods is lower than price of foreign So the demand of domestic goods will increase, while the demand of foreign goods will It is good for Japanese exports and international Second, with the increase of the demand of domestic goods, the price level will go up, while the employment will rise, increasing the national The behavior of companies and consumersIn deflation period, the price in the market is As a result, the company profits are So a company is trying its best to make the cost of production lower in order to remain One way to achieve the aim is to reduce the nominal Therefore, people spend less money in purchasing so that they will show the sign of belt- Actually, the deflation lasted for more than 10 So when the inflation is happening, the price level is Therefore, companies expected that the increased price level might solve the problem caused by So they have struggled to pay more wages and hire more workers so that the cost is But unfortunately, rising price level don’t solve the Therefore, company profits are decreasing because the cost is increasing in the inflation In fact, in the short run, even though inflation is happening, people are not responding to that because they don’t know the price in future will be higher than current price, at least in the short
我在汉斯出版社的官网上通过关键词检索到了这些文章,你可以看看“人民币在“一带一路”区域中的货币锚效应增强了吗?”、“对人民币汇率影响因素的实证分析”、”央行干预有效性与我国人民币汇率波动研究“、“基于BEER方法的人民币实际均衡汇率测算”
如果想要找金融学方面的任务,觉得你应该到书店去查找一下,或者是图书馆去查找一下资料。
文科题有哪些,后背京东可有,科比有很多你的货币的行为,金融学和他的论文,还有和货币天天进去金币的
我在汉斯出版社的官网上找到了这些文献,你看看中国存款准备金政策及其效应分析—以2010~2011年央行货币政策调控为例金融角度看1941年上海“恐怖货币战争”人民币在“一带一路”区域中的货币锚效应增强了吗?基于时间序列模型的货币供应量预测
2000字我这就想说也给你说不完。
文科题有哪些,后背京东可有,科比有很多你的货币的行为,金融学和他的论文,还有和货币天天进去金币的
《货币金融学》论文课题有哪些,这个应该有很多这样的金融课程论文提的
金融货币是以金属作为货币材料并铸造成一定形状的货币。金融货币是商品经济和社会生产力发展到一定阶段的产物。
我在汉斯出版社的官网上通过关键词检索到了这些文章,你可以看看“人民币在“一带一路”区域中的货币锚效应增强了吗?”、“对人民币汇率影响因素的实证分析”、”央行干预有效性与我国人民币汇率波动研究“、“基于BEER方法的人民币实际均衡汇率测算”
其实你最好根据你大学期间学过些什么,做过什么研究,根据自己熟悉的方向来定题目,最好是如果参加了课题,写起来就容易的多。如果实在不知道怎么写,建议你百度下:普刊学术中心,有关于毕业论文写作方法技巧类教程,自己多学习下吧,对你毕业论文绝对会有很大帮助的
亲,,要求有吗?
这个题目不错,还比较好写。数据分析可用假设验证 回归分析等方法
文科题有哪些,后背京东可有,科比有很多你的货币的行为,金融学和他的论文,还有和货币天天进去金币的
如果想要找金融学方面的任务,觉得你应该到书店去查找一下,或者是图书馆去查找一下资料。
我在汉斯出版社的官网上通过关键词检索到了这些文章,你可以看看“人民币在“一带一路”区域中的货币锚效应增强了吗?”、“对人民币汇率影响因素的实证分析”、”央行干预有效性与我国人民币汇率波动研究“、“基于BEER方法的人民币实际均衡汇率测算”
《货币金融学》论文课题有哪些,这个应该有很多这样的金融课程论文提的
金融货币是以金属作为货币材料并铸造成一定形状的货币。金融货币是商品经济和社会生产力发展到一定阶段的产物。