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Adjustment of agricultural structure, characteristics of the western region to speed up the development of agriculture 【Abstract】 implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of agriculture with characteristics Samangan province have provided favorable opportunities and broader space, this article from the analysis of Gansu Province, the implementation of the importance of agriculture with characteristics and the main features of the market potential of agricultural products start to understand the characteristics of Gansu Province characteristics of agricultural production and put forward the implementation of special agriculture in Gansu Province of the countermeasures and 【Key words】 western characteristic agriculture Gansu province is located in China's western region is a vast region, is included in the national development of the western region the concept of one of 12 provinces and municipalities and autonomous regions, serious soil erosion, land desertification, water shortages, destruction of vegetation, forest grassland degradation Gansu province is a major eco-environmental problems, industrial pollution in the city after-effects of economic Gansu Province, the fragile ecological environment will not only hinder further development of regional economy, but also the future of the living environment has become a major All this has its crux of the problem: the history of long-term low levels of productivity and ecological fragility of both cause and effect; "too much emphasis on food self-sufficiency" model of development led to forest destruction and soil erosion; economic construction does not follow the law of the ecological environment, ecological construction technology support the weak; institutional fragmentation, so that ecological protection and construction of the measures can hardly be Characteristics of agriculture refers to the unique resources, clear regional characteristics, a special product quality and specific consumer market of agricultural Gansu Province, a vast territory, light, heat, water, soil is rich in resources, species diversity, with the development of agriculture with characteristics and potential After years of development, characteristics of Gansu Province has been a foundation of Implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province provided favorable opportunities and broader At present, we should seize the opportunity, clear thinking, focus, work out measures to speed up the characteristics of agricultural development in Gansu Province 1, the development of Gansu Province, the importance of agriculture with characteristics 1 The development of characteristic agriculture is implementing the western development strategy will focus on the Agriculture is the basis for developing the western region and an important Characteristics of agriculture is the focus of agricultural development in the western Characteristics through the development of agriculture, strengthening infrastructure construction, improve production conditions, enhance productive capacity, can further strengthen agriculture as the foundation of Gansu Province to speed up agricultural and rural economic development pace for the development of Gansu's economy and narrow the gap between east and west to create the 2 is the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province strategic adjustment of agricultural structure of the main direction of The use of Gansu Province, rich in agricultural resources, in line with local conditions and characteristics of agricultural and industrial development, nurturing characteristics with the western industrial belt of agricultural and industrial groups, agricultural resources can achieve a multi-level, multi-channel development and utilization to meet the diversification and high quality market demand is conducive to opening up new market space, Gansu Province, to promote the agricultural structure optimization and Gansu, the main features of the development potential of agricultural products and market demand analysis From the distribution of agricultural products and market demand, both in terms of Gansu Province, with resources and potential for development of agricultural resources are mainly concentrated in the food, medicinal herbs, fruit and livestock products 1, food In 2002 the province's grain sown area of 3943 mu, 83 million tons grain Between regions in food production that there are clear regional differences, good natural conditions in the plain areas and to take intensive intensive methods of production inputs are also relatively large, thus the per capita grain output was significantly higher than other Per capita food expenditure from the situation, the year the total income per capita grain 92 kilograms, 24 kilograms of total Main per capita consumption of 45 kilograms of grain (including 89 kilograms of wheat, representing the main food consumed 37%), 75 kilograms of grain feed, 72 kilograms of seed Help Gansu food consumption is still in a state of equilibrium tightness, food as the mainstay of rural food consumption status has not been any big With the gradual deepening of reform and opening-up and join the WTO, the current international market prices tend to decline, while China's grain production costs are generally upward The short term a significant increase in land productivity may be low, China's comparative advantage in grain production continued to In addition China's wheat import market of the United States and European Union countries in the Uruguay Round negotiations, reached an agreement to reduce subsidies, which means that China can no longer own the market of imports from these relatively low over the past price of wheat to China to take measures to raise the level of food self-sufficiency and reduce food As the grain in Gansu Province larger share of agricultural products, the impact of lower prices to become the province's agricultural prices decline in the overall level of the main 2, economic crops In the economic crops, the potential for greater processing Chinese herbal medicines, medicinal herbs market in the country occupies a pivotal role, medicines rough year more than 11,000 tons, 3270 tons of proprietary Chinese Five Angelica is in Gansu Province is the largest varieties of medicinal herbs, over the years has been in a tight pin, and annual production of more than 4 thousand tons, the volume of 27,300 tons of goods, export volume of 1509 At present, the formation of their own as the mainstay of rural Danggui market Minxian Xiguan, Meichuan, Dangchang hada Shop, of the rationale for Sichuan, Zhangxian Chengguan, Ishikawa, Weiyuan Kawasaki, will be over These markets with other medicines markets outside the network for the promotion of medicines in circulation has played an important Changium Gansu Province is the second largest varieties of medicinal herbs, annual output of more than 14,000 tons, the volume of more than 13,000 tons of goods, with its output accounting for about 70 percent of national output, of which the principal export Radix Hedysari is unique to Chinese herbal medicines in Gansu, the main export to T Rhubarb and liquorice market demand, lack of sales production, prices, market Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province is the main pharmaceutical products in 2002, the sown area of Gansu Province, 199 million mu of Chinese herbal medicines, the total output 305,800 tons, the annual industrial output value of Chinese medicine to 4 billion yuan, accounting for all the Chinese medicine industry to 40 Medicine more prominent structural contradictions in the economy, small and scattered industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises in Gansu medicine abuse is a significant Most of medicine resources on the supply of raw materials or primary products market, value-added processing and great Gansu medicine market capacity of 20 billion yuan, but in Gansu local market consumption of only 6 million yuan, the market References: 1, "on the characteristics of the western region to speed up the views of agricultural development," the Ministry of Agriculture 12 2, Zhu Xing BAI "developing the western region - agriculture, rural areas and farmers," Economics and Management Press 7 3, reference is LiuXinmao weeks "loess ground green hope" Lanzhou University Press 1 中文大意如下 调整农业产业结构，加快西部地区特色农业的发展 【论文摘要】实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间，本文从分析甘肃省实施特色农业的重要性和主要特色农产品的市场潜力入手，了解甘肃省特色农业的生产特点，提出了甘肃省实施特色农业的对策与建议。 【关键词】西部 特色农业 甘肃省位于中国的西部，是一片广阔的地域，是被国家划入西部大开发概念的12个省市自治区之一，严重的水土流失、土地荒漠化加剧、水资源短缺、植被破坏、森林草原退化是甘肃省面临的主要生态环境问题，工业污染成为城市发展经济的后遗症。甘肃省脆弱的生态环境不仅阻碍区域经济的进一步发展，而且已经成为未来生存环境的重大隐患。这一切问题都有其症结所在：历史上长期的生产力水平低下与生态脆弱互为因果；“过分强调粮食自给”的发展模式导致森林破坏和水土流失；经济建设不遵循生态环境规律，生态建设科技支撑能力薄弱；制度上条块分割，使生态环境保护和建设各项措施难以落实。特色农业是指具有独特的资源条件、明显的区域特征、特殊的产品品质和特定的消费市场的农业产业。甘肃省地域辽阔，光、热、水、土资源丰富，物种资源多样，具有发展特色农业的优势和潜力。经过多年的发展，甘肃省特色农业已有一定的基础。实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘肃省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间。当前，要抓住机遇，明确思路，突出重点，制定措施，加快甘肃省特色农业发展 1、发展甘肃省特色农业的重要性 1发展特色农业是实施西部大开发战略的重点任务。 农业是西部大开发的基础和重要组成部分。特色农业是西部农业开发的重点。通过发展特色农业，加强基础设施建设，改善生产条件，提高生产能力，可以进一步加强农业基础地位，加快甘肃省农业和农村经济发展步伐，为发展甘肃经济和缩小东西部差距创造条件。 2发展特色农业是甘肃省农业结构战略性调整的主攻方向。 利用甘肃省丰富的农业资源，因地制宜地发展特色农产品和产业，培育具有西部特色的农业产业带和产业群，可以实现农业资源多层次、多途径的开发利用，满足多样化、优质化的市场需求，有利于开辟新的市场空间，促进甘肃省农业结构的优化和升级。 甘肃主要特色农产品的开发潜力及市场需求分析 从农产品分布特点和市场需求两方面来看，甘肃省具有资源优势和开发潜力的农产品资源主要集中在粮食、药材、果品和畜产品上。 1、粮食作物 2002年全省粮食播种面积3943万亩，粮食总产量783万吨。区域之间在粮食生产上存在着明显的地区差异，平原地区自然条件好，并采取集约化的精耕细作方式，生产性投入也比较大，因而人均粮食产量明显高于其它地区。从人均粮食收支情况看，年内人均粮食收入合计92公斤，支出合计24公斤。人均主食用粮45公斤(其中小麦89公斤，占主食用粮的37%)，饲料用粮75公斤，种籽用粮72公斤。说明甘肃粮食消费仍处于紧度平衡状态，粮食作为农村食品消费的主体地位没有什么大的变化。 随着改革开放的逐步深入及加入WTO，目前国际市场上粮价趋于下降，而我国粮食生产成本总体上则呈上升趋势。短期内土地生产率大幅度提高的可能不大，我国粮食生产的比较优势仍在下降。此外中国小麦进口市场的美国和欧盟各国在乌拉圭回合谈判中达成消减补贴的协议，这意味着中国己不可能再从这些市场上进口过去价格相对较低的小麦，促使中国采取措施提高粮食自给水平，减少粮食进口。由于粮食在甘肃省农产品中所占比重较大，其价格下降成为影响全省农产品价格总水平下降的主要因素。 2、经济作物 在经济作物中，中药材加工潜力较大，在全国药材市场中占有举足轻重的作用，药材年粗加工1．1万多吨，中成药3270吨。五种大宗地道中药材。当归是甘肃省药材的第一大品种，多年来一直处于紧销状态，年产量达84万多吨，商品量73万吨，出口量1509吨。目前己形成以当归为主体的农村市场有岷县西关、梅川，宕昌哈达铺、理川，漳县城关、石川，渭源会川等十多个。这些市场同省外其它药材市场形成了网络，对于促进药材流通起到了重要的作用。党参是甘肃省药材第二大品种，年产4万多吨，商品量3万多吨，其产量约占全国总产量的70%，其中纹当主要提供出口。红芪是甘肃特有的中药材，主要出口台湾。大黄和甘草市场需求量大，产不足销，价格上升，市场前景看好。 中药是甘肃省医药产品的主力，2002年甘肃省中药材播种面积199万亩，总产量58万吨，年中药工业产值达到4亿元，占到全部医药工业的40％。医药经济结构性矛盾比较突出，工业企业小而散、商业企业多而滥是甘肃医药的一个显著特征。大部分药材资源是以原材料或初级产品供应市场，加工增值潜力大。甘肃药材市场容量在20亿元以上，但甘肃本地产品市场的消费量只有6亿多元，市场需求量大。 参考文献： 1、《关于加快西部地区特色农业发展的意见》 农业部 12 2、朱文兴 白明 《西部大开发――农业、农村、农民》 经济管理出版社 7 3、刘兴茂 周述实 《黄土地上的绿色希望》 兰州大学出版社 1
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大田作物研究，
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可以虽然大部分农学专业是收理科生,但也有一部分专业是选择文理兼收的,像农林经济管理专业、人力资源管理专业
农业硕士-农艺与种业专业怎么样？开设院校有哪些呢？农业硕士之前必尚考研季老师介绍过很多了，农业管理、农村发展等农业硕士也逐渐成为了考研的热门专业，对于想要报考农业方面的硕士的考生来说，可供选择的专业和院校还是很多的，必尚考研也会一一为大家分析不同专业的院校招生情况和院校分析。接下来，必尚考研季老师为大家分析一下农艺与种业硕士开设院校有哪些呢？考试科目和研究方向有哪些呢？北京地区：1、 北京农学院北京农学院是北京市属本科院校，由北京市三委两局共建；入选国家首批卓越农林人才教育培养计划、北京市属高等学校“2011计划”。初试考试科目为(101)思想政治理论 (204)英语二 (339)农业知识综合一 (810)园艺通论。研究方向有(01)作物栽培生理生态(01)作物栽培生理生态(02)作物育种(02)作物育种(03)作物信息学(03)作物信息学(04)药用植物育种与栽培(04)药用植物育种与栽培(05)生物质能(05)生物质能。天津地区：1、 天津农学院天津农学院坐落于天津市，学校是天津市属的一所高等农业类院校，是国家“973计划”、“863计划”承担高校、国防教育特色学校，入选第一批卓越农林人才教育培养计划。初试考试科目为①101思想政治理论 ②204英语二 ③339农业知识综合一 ④822园艺通论。吉林地区：1、 延边大学延边大学地处吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州延吉市，是国家“世界一流学科建设高校”、国家“211工程”重点建设大学。初试考试科目为(101)思想政治理论 (204)英语二 (339)农业知识综合一 (855)农业生态学。研究方向为：(01)大田作物(02)园艺作物。
agriculture ['æɡrikʌltʃə] 农业；农艺，农学farming ['fɑ:miŋ] 农业，耕作 耕种；出租（farm的ing形式）agro- ['æɡrəu] 表示“农业”；表示“土壤”geoponics [,dʒi（:）əu'pɔniks] [复数，动词用单数]农艺，农耕技术，农作学，农业学[参较 hydroponics]
agriculture
名词，agriculture
中文名:农业生态学英文名:AgriculturalEcology，Agroecology。主要是运用生态学和系统论的原理和方法，研究农业生态系统中的相互联系、协同演变、调节控制和持续发展规律的学科。农业生态学是生态学在农业领域的应用，属于应用生态学的分支之一。农业生物的生存、活动、繁殖需要一定的空间、物质与能量。生物在长期进化过程中，逐渐形成对周围环境某些物理条件和化学成分，如空气、光照、水分、热量和无机盐类等的特殊需要。各种生物所需要的物质、能量以及它们所适应的理化条件是不同的，这种特性称为物种的生态特性。运用农业生态学的理论和方法，分析研究农业领域中的生态问题，探讨协调农业生态系统组分结构及其功能，促进农业生产的持续高效发展，是农业生态学的根本任务。农业生态学不仅要进行基础性的理论研究，更要为发展农业生产提出切实可行的技术途径，要理论与实践紧密结合。农业生态学是运用生态学的原理及系统论的方法，研究农业生物与其自然社会环境的相互关系的应用性科学。农业生态学是生态学在农业领域应用的一个分支学科。主要研究由农业生物与其环境构成的农业生态系统的结构、功能及其调控和管理途径等。
Adjustment of agricultural structure, characteristics of the western region to speed up the development of agriculture 【Abstract】 implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of agriculture with characteristics Samangan province have provided favorable opportunities and broader space, this article from the analysis of Gansu Province, the implementation of the importance of agriculture with characteristics and the main features of the market potential of agricultural products start to understand the characteristics of Gansu Province characteristics of agricultural production and put forward the implementation of special agriculture in Gansu Province of the countermeasures and 【Key words】 western characteristic agriculture Gansu province is located in China's western region is a vast region, is included in the national development of the western region the concept of one of 12 provinces and municipalities and autonomous regions, serious soil erosion, land desertification, water shortages, destruction of vegetation, forest grassland degradation Gansu province is a major eco-environmental problems, industrial pollution in the city after-effects of economic Gansu Province, the fragile ecological environment will not only hinder further development of regional economy, but also the future of the living environment has become a major All this has its crux of the problem: the history of long-term low levels of productivity and ecological fragility of both cause and effect; "too much emphasis on food self-sufficiency" model of development led to forest destruction and soil erosion; economic construction does not follow the law of the ecological environment, ecological construction technology support the weak; institutional fragmentation, so that ecological protection and construction of the measures can hardly be Characteristics of agriculture refers to the unique resources, clear regional characteristics, a special product quality and specific consumer market of agricultural Gansu Province, a vast territory, light, heat, water, soil is rich in resources, species diversity, with the development of agriculture with characteristics and potential After years of development, characteristics of Gansu Province has been a foundation of Implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province provided favorable opportunities and broader At present, we should seize the opportunity, clear thinking, focus, work out measures to speed up the characteristics of agricultural development in Gansu Province 1, the development of Gansu Province, the importance of agriculture with characteristics 1 The development of characteristic agriculture is implementing the western development strategy will focus on the Agriculture is the basis for developing the western region and an important Characteristics of agriculture is the focus of agricultural development in the western Characteristics through the development of agriculture, strengthening infrastructure construction, improve production conditions, enhance productive capacity, can further strengthen agriculture as the foundation of Gansu Province to speed up agricultural and rural economic development pace for the development of Gansu's economy and narrow the gap between east and west to create the 2 is the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province strategic adjustment of agricultural structure of the main direction of The use of Gansu Province, rich in agricultural resources, in line with local conditions and characteristics of agricultural and industrial development, nurturing characteristics with the western industrial belt of agricultural and industrial groups, agricultural resources can achieve a multi-level, multi-channel development and utilization to meet the diversification and high quality market demand is conducive to opening up new market space, Gansu Province, to promote the agricultural structure optimization and Gansu, the main features of the development potential of agricultural products and market demand analysis From the distribution of agricultural products and market demand, both in terms of Gansu Province, with resources and potential for development of agricultural resources are mainly concentrated in the food, medicinal herbs, fruit and livestock products 1, food In 2002 the province's grain sown area of 3943 mu, 83 million tons grain Between regions in food production that there are clear regional differences, good natural conditions in the plain areas and to take intensive intensive methods of production inputs are also relatively large, thus the per capita grain output was significantly higher than other Per capita food expenditure from the situation, the year the total income per capita grain 92 kilograms, 24 kilograms of total Main per capita consumption of 45 kilograms of grain (including 89 kilograms of wheat, representing the main food consumed 37%), 75 kilograms of grain feed, 72 kilograms of seed Help Gansu food consumption is still in a state of equilibrium tightness, food as the mainstay of rural food consumption status has not been any big With the gradual deepening of reform and opening-up and join the WTO, the current international market prices tend to decline, while China's grain production costs are generally upward The short term a significant increase in land productivity may be low, China's comparative advantage in grain production continued to In addition China's wheat import market of the United States and European Union countries in the Uruguay Round negotiations, reached an agreement to reduce subsidies, which means that China can no longer own the market of imports from these relatively low over the past price of wheat to China to take measures to raise the level of food self-sufficiency and reduce food As the grain in Gansu Province larger share of agricultural products, the impact of lower prices to become the province's agricultural prices decline in the overall level of the main 2, economic crops In the economic crops, the potential for greater processing Chinese herbal medicines, medicinal herbs market in the country occupies a pivotal role, medicines rough year more than 11,000 tons, 3270 tons of proprietary Chinese Five Angelica is in Gansu Province is the largest varieties of medicinal herbs, over the years has been in a tight pin, and annual production of more than 4 thousand tons, the volume of 27,300 tons of goods, export volume of 1509 At present, the formation of their own as the mainstay of rural Danggui market Minxian Xiguan, Meichuan, Dangchang hada Shop, of the rationale for Sichuan, Zhangxian Chengguan, Ishikawa, Weiyuan Kawasaki, will be over These markets with other medicines markets outside the network for the promotion of medicines in circulation has played an important Changium Gansu Province is the second largest varieties of medicinal herbs, annual output of more than 14,000 tons, the volume of more than 13,000 tons of goods, with its output accounting for about 70 percent of national output, of which the principal export Radix Hedysari is unique to Chinese herbal medicines in Gansu, the main export to T Rhubarb and liquorice market demand, lack of sales production, prices, market Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province is the main pharmaceutical products in 2002, the sown area of Gansu Province, 199 million mu of Chinese herbal medicines, the total output 305,800 tons, the annual industrial output value of Chinese medicine to 4 billion yuan, accounting for all the Chinese medicine industry to 40 Medicine more prominent structural contradictions in the economy, small and scattered industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises in Gansu medicine abuse is a significant Most of medicine resources on the supply of raw materials or primary products market, value-added processing and great Gansu medicine market capacity of 20 billion yuan, but in Gansu local market consumption of only 6 million yuan, the market References: 1, "on the characteristics of the western region to speed up the views of agricultural development," the Ministry of Agriculture 12 2, Zhu Xing BAI "developing the western region - agriculture, rural areas and farmers," Economics and Management Press 7 3, reference is LiuXinmao weeks "loess ground green hope" Lanzhou University Press 1 中文大意如下 调整农业产业结构，加快西部地区特色农业的发展 【论文摘要】实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间，本文从分析甘肃省实施特色农业的重要性和主要特色农产品的市场潜力入手，了解甘肃省特色农业的生产特点，提出了甘肃省实施特色农业的对策与建议。 【关键词】西部 特色农业 甘肃省位于中国的西部，是一片广阔的地域，是被国家划入西部大开发概念的12个省市自治区之一，严重的水土流失、土地荒漠化加剧、水资源短缺、植被破坏、森林草原退化是甘肃省面临的主要生态环境问题，工业污染成为城市发展经济的后遗症。甘肃省脆弱的生态环境不仅阻碍区域经济的进一步发展，而且已经成为未来生存环境的重大隐患。这一切问题都有其症结所在：历史上长期的生产力水平低下与生态脆弱互为因果；“过分强调粮食自给”的发展模式导致森林破坏和水土流失；经济建设不遵循生态环境规律，生态建设科技支撑能力薄弱；制度上条块分割，使生态环境保护和建设各项措施难以落实。特色农业是指具有独特的资源条件、明显的区域特征、特殊的产品品质和特定的消费市场的农业产业。甘肃省地域辽阔，光、热、水、土资源丰富，物种资源多样，具有发展特色农业的优势和潜力。经过多年的发展，甘肃省特色农业已有一定的基础。实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘肃省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间。当前，要抓住机遇，明确思路，突出重点，制定措施，加快甘肃省特色农业发展 1、发展甘肃省特色农业的重要性 1发展特色农业是实施西部大开发战略的重点任务。 农业是西部大开发的基础和重要组成部分。特色农业是西部农业开发的重点。通过发展特色农业，加强基础设施建设，改善生产条件，提高生产能力，可以进一步加强农业基础地位，加快甘肃省农业和农村经济发展步伐，为发展甘肃经济和缩小东西部差距创造条件。 2发展特色农业是甘肃省农业结构战略性调整的主攻方向。 利用甘肃省丰富的农业资源，因地制宜地发展特色农产品和产业，培育具有西部特色的农业产业带和产业群，可以实现农业资源多层次、多途径的开发利用，满足多样化、优质化的市场需求，有利于开辟新的市场空间，促进甘肃省农业结构的优化和升级。 甘肃主要特色农产品的开发潜力及市场需求分析 从农产品分布特点和市场需求两方面来看，甘肃省具有资源优势和开发潜力的农产品资源主要集中在粮食、药材、果品和畜产品上。 1、粮食作物 2002年全省粮食播种面积3943万亩，粮食总产量783万吨。区域之间在粮食生产上存在着明显的地区差异，平原地区自然条件好，并采取集约化的精耕细作方式，生产性投入也比较大，因而人均粮食产量明显高于其它地区。从人均粮食收支情况看，年内人均粮食收入合计92公斤，支出合计24公斤。人均主食用粮45公斤(其中小麦89公斤，占主食用粮的37%)，饲料用粮75公斤，种籽用粮72公斤。说明甘肃粮食消费仍处于紧度平衡状态，粮食作为农村食品消费的主体地位没有什么大的变化。 随着改革开放的逐步深入及加入WTO，目前国际市场上粮价趋于下降，而我国粮食生产成本总体上则呈上升趋势。短期内土地生产率大幅度提高的可能不大，我国粮食生产的比较优势仍在下降。此外中国小麦进口市场的美国和欧盟各国在乌拉圭回合谈判中达成消减补贴的协议，这意味着中国己不可能再从这些市场上进口过去价格相对较低的小麦，促使中国采取措施提高粮食自给水平，减少粮食进口。由于粮食在甘肃省农产品中所占比重较大，其价格下降成为影响全省农产品价格总水平下降的主要因素。 2、经济作物 在经济作物中，中药材加工潜力较大，在全国药材市场中占有举足轻重的作用，药材年粗加工1．1万多吨，中成药3270吨。五种大宗地道中药材。当归是甘肃省药材的第一大品种，多年来一直处于紧销状态，年产量达84万多吨，商品量73万吨，出口量1509吨。目前己形成以当归为主体的农村市场有岷县西关、梅川，宕昌哈达铺、理川，漳县城关、石川，渭源会川等十多个。这些市场同省外其它药材市场形成了网络，对于促进药材流通起到了重要的作用。党参是甘肃省药材第二大品种，年产4万多吨，商品量3万多吨，其产量约占全国总产量的70%，其中纹当主要提供出口。红芪是甘肃特有的中药材，主要出口台湾。大黄和甘草市场需求量大，产不足销，价格上升，市场前景看好。 中药是甘肃省医药产品的主力，2002年甘肃省中药材播种面积199万亩，总产量58万吨，年中药工业产值达到4亿元，占到全部医药工业的40％。医药经济结构性矛盾比较突出，工业企业小而散、商业企业多而滥是甘肃医药的一个显著特征。大部分药材资源是以原材料或初级产品供应市场，加工增值潜力大。甘肃药材市场容量在20亿元以上，但甘肃本地产品市场的消费量只有6亿多元，市场需求量大。 参考文献： 1、《关于加快西部地区特色农业发展的意见》 农业部 12 2、朱文兴 白明 《西部大开发――农业、农村、农民》 经济管理出版社 7 3、刘兴茂 周述实 《黄土地上的绿色希望》 兰州大学出版社 1
Modern agriculture is composed of three parts: by planting farming and processing of agricultural products, rural modern Logistics industry and services subject to the above three aspects in part can be referred for agricultural Usually, the current agricultural logistics consists of four parts: agricultural production material logistics, including seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, agricultural films, machinery, irrigation, feed, and steel, cement, diesel truck, agriculture, Consumption and export logistics, Rural consumer goods, mainly is the logistics with food, clothing, housing, transportation, such as consumer, The recovery of the renewable material logistics, such as crops straw, scrap metal recycling of waste plastics, paper, recycling, garbage and sewage treatment and comprehensive utilization of According to the national bureau of statistics, 1978, animal husbandry and fishery in China for the first industrial output form 4 million yuan, in 2005 for 4 billion yuan, up by 22 According to the China federation of logistics &purchasing data, agricultural logistics total 1978 for 527 billion yuan in 2006, for the increased 13456 billion yuan, 24 Total retail sales of consumer goods in 1978 county and the 1,053 million yuan, in 2005 for 22082 billion yuan, up 21 Agricultural production material of agricultural production, chemical fertilizer for 869 million tons in 1978, 2005 for 178 million tons, up 6 Along with the development of modern agriculture, especially the construction of new countryside, agriculture logistics market potential demand is bigger and According to DingJunFa introduces, at present agricultural logistics has four features:A WuLiuLiang is The dual economic structure in China, agricultural WuLiuLiang extremely To ensure the 15010 million hectares of crops, the total area of WuLiuLiang fertilizers needed only to 8 million tons in 2006 (SheChun)Two is difficult And industrial products is different, the animal and plant life in the process of logistics packaging, loading and unloading, storage and transportation difficult, there are quite a few cold In the small-scale peasant economy by thousands of agricultural and rural and agricultural production material and daily necessities supply logistics is particularly Three is logistics time and space Due to the agricultural production, consumption, seasonal The local production, Writes and life of industrial consumer goods, including agricultural logistics logistics, recycling in space and time from the requirement of urban industrial logistics Four is a two-way agricultural logistics logistics system, which we often say "industrial and agricultural country town", it is difficult to solve farmers "sell" difficult to Two-way logistics system, not only to solve the commodity flow, constructing agricultural logistics supply chain, and To develop modern agriculture logistics are faced with the problemHave the basic conditions of agricultural logistics development, and not immediately developed, the government needs to promote the idea transformation, needs, and enterprises to participate in the urgent need to develop agricultural logistics into China's agricultural logistics compared with the developed countries have a large gap, this must have a clear One is the lack of national agricultural logistics Modern logistics is of great significance to "agriculture, agriculture, commerce, development and reform commission, ministry of finance, the ministry of railways, All were put forward in his duties within the scope of the policy measures, but the government to increase, and the multiplicity of logistics management Second is the agricultural logistics technology and equipment In cold logistics (from the origin of perishable spoiled food products processing, after acquisition, storage, transportation, wholesale and retail, until the consumer, its each link is always in the low temperature environment of supply chain system) of the special as an example, the relevant departments, due to the lack of cold-chain logistics system, China each year of fruits, vegetables, 25-30% micro-tool general control in developed countries and 5% At present the meat, 80% of 90% of milk and aquatic products, bean is in the state of nature distribution Again with grain logistics, for example, in 2005 national food WuLiuLiang for 170 million tons, including 7 tons for trans-provincial International food logistics generally in bulk grain, but China still mainly by 90% bag food, which makes food logistics cost 10 percentage points higher than developed countries, and slow, loss is Three is the lack of agricultural logistics professional Logistics company basically in operation of industrial and agricultural logistics logistics all depend on own strength to operation, no Due to the agricultural logistics, especially in the more traditional agricultural logistics, agricultural logistics process value-added low In developed countries, agricultural product processing of agricultural product and more than 3-1:1:4, while in China than 1:Four is behind the circulation of rural, low level of logistics, agricultural logistics process supervision, lack of lack of standard, fake and low-quality products to rural, greatly harmed the interests of Likewise, food safety problem seriously damage the interests of urban residents, this kind of situation will inevitably affect the overall urban Implementation of the need to adapt to the modern agriculture agricultural logistics development strategyFirst, strengthen government The government to promote the government, but not for logistics development including create an environment, accelerating the development of logistics In the case of weak agricultural logistics, governments are necessary to But the government departments must form a cohesive force, around a total target to promote, rather than a political disputes over trifles, Such as agricultural logistics planning, construction, increasing agricultural logistics facilities, actively formulate logistics personnel training, logistics industry standard cultivation agriculture, agricultural logistics logistics provider of land policy, tax policy, Second, the establishment of urban and rural integration of logistics Industrial and agricultural country town overall consideration, agricultural logistics operation of integration of four Four plates for agricultural logistics system engineering, indispensable, but different regions, different period can there is light weight, not necessarily co-front-Third, the development of agricultural logistics and Encourage trade system, food system, supply system was established, the postal system of agricultural logistics company, foster private capital, especially the large wholesale market for agricultural products, marketing management, warehousing, wholesalers, agent for logistics companies Agricultural logistics should establish proper division of labor, and different types of supply chain: wholesale market for agricultural products as the core, the implement of agricultural supply chain management, To supply, postal logistics, professional associations, agent as the core, the implementation multiplication agricultural production material supply chain management, With thousands of villages and townships "project", cultivate its business enterprise group, with its proprietary and join the network as the core, the implementation of commodity supply chain management; diversified With food, forestry, SMC, private traders as the core, implementing agricultural recycled materials supply chain Fourth, vigorously develop cold-chain logistics, to ensure food According to the calculation, processing food in the circulation of the cost of logistics cost is 90%, food circulation industry management, technology and efficiency of 90% depends on China should establish cold-chain logistics system as soon as possible, change cold-chain logistics technology, the loss is big, safety Fifth, the establishment of agricultural logistics development financial Mainly used for agricultural logistics infrastructure construction, especially grain reserves logistics system and the important agricultural products wholesale market reform, Agricultural logistics information system and standard system construction, Cold-chain logistics distribution center in central city, emergency logistics and demonstration project, Agricultural logistics technology development promotion, The agricultural products processing value-added and detection system construction, Agricultural logistics talent cultivation and the international Sixth, the transformation of grain logistics According to the actual situation of the origin and XiaoDe import and export, and the construction of storage and market To strengthen the grain logistics process value-added services, training of grain logistics company, increasing grain wholesale market reform and the function of Seventh, establish emergency logistics system For emergency treatment is a systems engineering, logistics is one of the important agricultural logistics, especially, the guarantor necessary for all kinds of food supply, not only have a reserve system, also have a cross-regional sensitive allocations system, as well as various modes of transportation and logistics company operation of logistics Eighth, the construction of financial support system of agricultural The four major state-owned Banks and financial support for agricultural logistics should be clear, Rural credit cooperatives engaged mainly in small and short term loan business, and agricultural logistics, financial conformity to change, Agricultural logistics needs the participation of agricultural insurance, the insurance industry to