英语八级翻译: The criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy ", "is based on the need of constructing the harmonious society, under the background of the new national policy of criminal It marks the establishment of our party and country to crime control measures to promote the overall, more mature Chinese legal process has the important practical In practice, tempering criminal judicial policy for criminal trial work has important The party and the country "tempering criminal policy, the pursuit of a harmonious and stable social effect is placed in a prominent position, and present the criminal policy of death, is the pursuit of a harmonious and stable social Keywords: tempering justice with mercy;crackdown；Cautious punishment；Death penalty policy；The criminal justice
没看见英文在哪里？
估计你这100分可能要废掉了10页得论文翻译，找真人翻译价格起码都要1000以上，特别是法律论文，一些法律术语可以把人弄的头晕脑胀，翻译时间估计都要1星期以上，你认为会有人为这100分头晕脑胀一星期吗？
题目：With regard to criminal law theory in the understanding of a flagrant crime正文：Flagrant crime as a general social phenomenon, has been in existence for thousands of years of social history; including, in particular the concept of school as a flagrant crime committed, it can be said with the general sense of the crime have simultaneously; the concept of criminal law as a flagrant offense, has historically existed in thousands of human Openly committed as a criminal and the negative cultural expressions, whether it is the specificity of the Criminal Code norms on moral values or the reverse, and are worthy of criminal law theory researchers to explore in However, for a long time, China's Criminal Law刑法理论界on the "objective elements constitute a crime," the study focus, multi-objective aspects of running an essential element, that is against the act, against the findings and results of behavior and the causal relationship between on; for the crime as an objective choice of the implementation of elements of the crime the way, but rarely get In this paper, exploring a flagrant crime, not only confined to the study of criminal law perspective, but also learn from the crime, ethics, sociology, such as the perspective of the norms of a flagrant offense, the nature of black social evil, the negative value and its comprehensive evaluation Author惟愿through so many levels, multi-angle discussion to a more deepening and comprehensive three-dimensional interpretation that the truth will be openly committed to maximize the show in the face of social and readers, so expect it to for the development of China's Criminal Jurisprudence criminal applications of the research on the subject domain, to make its own modest 摘要的英文是:Abstract关键词是：Key words内容是：Flagrant；Flagrant crime
The theory of criminal law of shallow understanding irrtumslehreLegal irrtumslehre, namely, refers to the illegality mistake for own behavior in law, whether what crime constitutes a crime shall be punished by, or what is wrong, is to oneself the legal nature of the action of meaning or Legal irrtumslehre usually includes three conditions: (1) the actor's behavior in law does not constitute a crime, the offender and constitutes a crime for which imaginary guilty, (2) the behavior in law constitutes a crime and does not constitute a crime, the offender mistaken assumptions that innocent, (3) for his act constitutes a crime shall be convicted and punishment in light of the existing errors, misunderstanding or Due to the legal irrtumslehre, only to the behavior of the offender is not correct understanding of the legal assessment, and for their actions in fact correct understanding of the situation is still there, so its act constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility is and how it is not usually （1）Imaginary innocent treatment principleThe principles for imaginary innocence, whether it involves a deliberately Foreign criminal law theory basically has the following kinds:1）Should know that don't speak, just for criminal facts have Canada criminal code article 19 regulation: "the ignorance of the law excuses and crime can be ShuZui " Motto: "Roman law and legal disclaimer" somehow also expressed a principle, namely: "in the crime as subjective FanYi established condition, not request to recognize his behavior of richtswitrig"2）Should know the reason, according to two: moral responsibility theory, personality responsibility Moral responsibility theory emphasizes on the rationality of free will blame illegal conduct, is considered to be objective 3）That said, the possible illegality of responsibility for deliberately, at least to the possibility of understanding While in China mainland, the introduction of the concept of crime has another concept -- social consciousness that harm to discuss richtswitrig already Because the deliberate crime according to law condemn the illegality of the offender is not known, the law itself is not damaged, the law of the social consciousness is Social harm consciousness is the essential contents of the crime, illegal consciousness is the legal form of social Therefore, our country law more emphasis is on the rationality of essence, which is harmful to the society Just because of its social harmfulness, with a social moral evaluation colour, easier for people to grasp and Therefore, the author thinks that, in general, the person need to recognize his behavior may be the result of inevitable or harmful to the society, and has already With intentionally But in fact, the forbidden by law and mass that is harmful to the society in our country nowadays the behavior under the constitution should be consistent, in other words, know the social harmfulness also know the possibility of illegal, but know the possibility of illegal is inevitable should also realize social harmfulness, both are Therefore, it is generally thought that the law is no excuse, the reason of law does not exclude the misunderstanding in principle, but can be culpable for deliberately （2） Misunderstandings treatment PunishmentWe might as well so the essence of blame for his due: the crime in the subjective should blame or blame, for the intent or negligence If the offender because of misunderstanding that legal person feels very innocent, lack of this should blame or condemning sexual, from the fundamental measure, blame is absolutely not consider Especially in the modern society, the legal category SAN marino, legal entry in different fields and different levels of books, recognized, comprehend legal apparently endless and same, so the person of law and misunderstandings, not Now, both in theory and practice, the method not cling to forgive "seems to have in Therefore, to a certain extent, can also think admits exceptions excusable is legal misunderstanding of criminal law is an important symbol of In addition, it was not in the act of which is prohibited by the laws and regulations, especially after a circumstance, should have knowledge of richtswitrig actor, constitute the understanding of deliberate point of view, with the attitude of this understanding, of course, that is not the illegality or by the simple statement The author thinks that the only when the legal establishment of may, FangKeZu but The fact mistakeThat mistake, is to determine its subjective behavior nature and the criminal responsibility of the relevant facts wrong From the wrong reasons and phenomenon of angles, generally known that there are several mistakes:（1） Object irrtumslehreThe object is known for errors, whether there is objectively error It includes actor in the implementation of the existing criminal behavior of the hazards for the object and actually does not exist, or for criminal object and actually does not exist, or infringe a criminal object and actually invaded another crime The object of objects is usually known errors caused by mistake, but the object of different social relationship reflects Evil doer of objects and actual expected in fact not only harm object does not agree, and in the nature of law is not Therefore, the object irrtumslehre may affect the form of sin, crime accomplishment, and may even attempted to influence the For example, in view of the circumstances, not a thought before the enemy, and a party came to stick, afterwards just know the ox was A thought of damage is "people", and the actual wounded is "cow", do not belong to the same laws of the Similar situation and will generally be mistaken for drug trafficking items, Actor will stolen items in the theft of guns in stealing This object from the subjective errors, see, is a kind of mistake, From the objective, because the mistake crime to no avail, where the criminal attempted 1）Object mistakeObjects can be generalized mistake, including object mistake to belong to the object know mistake is inevitable object These include, is known to be wrong object of legal property of the same object mistake and legal properties of different objects, namely the object irrtumslehre In order to distinguish with the object mistake here, the cognition to the same object only mean error between the different objects, namely the misunderstanding of the evil doer expected objects and actual harm to the object, but not in fact in the legal nature of the same This object mistake again say things on purpose mistake not criminal As a reserve, killing b shall be killed as b and c, do not affect a This is the need to consider that a kill b behavior "mistake" cause others (c), belong to an intentional crime (b) "death", for the excess result, according to the results, which determine the ordinary mail of death was deliberately recognized for deliberately, to the death of the fault is propylene, identified as negligence, according to the intention or negligence of the general mark recognized FanYi or state of mind, not applicable rules of the 2） Behavior irrtumslehreBehavior mainly includes two kind of mistake: first, the behavior nature That actor has to its social harm nature, such as understanding not imaginary Behavior nature mistake might affect the form of sin, and may also affect Second, the behavior tools (methods) That person to use when the conduct of tool (methods), which affects not correct understanding of harm results, behavior tools (methods) mistake can affect crime or attempted was founded, also can affect crime or belongs to the incident, a typical for murder on hazardous substances, because the drug failure and failed to kill people, can think method or tools for error doer of consciousness beyond reason not to And as actor see armour, second coming together, hence shot to play, but can't hit by the party Look, this is from the phenomenon of an object, or the final results for the mistake, but this error is based on the fact that the wrong doer identify offender is carefully identify to begin, can think recognize is accurate, errors in ChaWu The solution to this situation, "said", its legal with qualitative and recognize wrong object is consistent, namely directly recognized as an intentional homicide The death of a person is directly intentionally to b, death is the indirect intentional, just for a to b is attempted, Additionally, if in daily life because misidentification object and damage of consequences, the crime itself is not just any criminal negligence because of 3)Causality irrtumslehreCausality mistake, is on his behavior and harmful results of actual connection between Generally include: first, not some harm result, as has happened This generally constitute a Second, has certain harm result, but not for actor or for his behavior is caused, and does not affect crime Third, really happened, the offender is aware of its behavior, but with the actual development between the harm to the process or a mistake, general to punish crime In theory, the offender is not only a crime, but continuous movement, this several continuous action is not a few crime, but a In this sense, doesn't exist on the results of the Legal irrtumslehre and facts mistake and proceduresDomestic scholars in fact know mistakes and errors between the issue legal representative views mainly include:（1）For own behavior whether in law constitutes a crime, criminal or what kind of criminal punishment shall be under the incorrect understanding is legal irrtumslehre for his behavior on the implementation of the incorrect understanding is the fact that mistake,（2）The objectivity of crime is a false understanding of crime, that mistake of objective facts have clear understanding, only to act in the evaluation of existing laws on the concept of law is not correct mistakes。（3）Actor known facts and actual fact don't agree is wrong, the person that judgment and objective law is law of illegal inconsistency These ideas basically could in theory and legal irrtumslehre fact distinguish mistakes, it is important to emphasize that：1) With the conviction that the so-called irrelevant, as this mistake to hit each other, the shooting head caused the death of heart, without vision of research into 2) Study of the theory of error, error occurs when the purpose, but whether to intentionally resistance, reduce plots affected only the wrong cognition, natural sentencing nor will it into the error theory 3) This does not constitute a crime and actor for crime, and for their behavior in the criminal law on the crimes and how to apply for criminal punishment on such specific knowledge error, conviction according to Based on this, the author thinks that, at the fact that criminal law is only to know wrong doer of elements to know the so-called objective facts constituents of mistake is the fact that the legal irrtumslehre error refers to the legal action is illegal and the evaluation of the From the theory of facts and legal irrtumslehre error, but the problem is in the law, criminal elements to the facts and law closely combined circumstances (like some administrative crimes and economic crimes), or is in a fact itself contains certain laws of evaluation content, to distinguish with a mistake is the fact that mistake or legal wrong, is often If the property of his humanity and obscenity obscenity, administrative rules and regulations, JinYuOu, disrupt public until its precondition of the legitimacy of the public, and legal irrtumslehre facts wrong intertwined, and this is what we distinguish facts and legal irrtumslehre errors will solve the In some cases, the defendant should know that because of the lack of knowledge, and not to the behavior of social harmfulness, so that the defendant is not "knowledge they will entail harmful consequences to society, and hope or allows such results" and deliberate crime, the burden of proof is only FanYi prosecution, in addition, prosecution without proof the defendant not normal, but normal mental and spiritual normal presumption defendant directly if the defendant that his spirit is not normal, it shall provide necessary evidence by himself to Thus, the author, on legal irrtumslehre processing, can adopt the presumption of ways to Which country presumption every normal citizens are known, unless the law can put forward defense "advantage prove" above, or the evidence rebut these presumption is From the efficiency of lawsuit, said the country is impossible to prove the defendant is known of the
一篇法学essay往往是在大量文献引用和逻辑分析的基础上得出研究成果。在美国的法学论文中，单篇论文的引用文献往往都有上百个，我们甚至可能看到论文的引用部分所占有的篇幅甚至比正文还多。对于这种近乎疯狂的引用情怀，也遭到加拿大等其他国家法学家的讽刺（来自渥太华大学法学院优秀毕业生徐的转述）。然而，无论文献引用数量多少，我们需要做的基本功了解法学essay写作中的引用格式和引用规范。下面同学们就跟Meeloun小编一起来看看吧！引用规范包括两个要求：一是对于参考借鉴必须注明出处，二是引用形式要统一一、参考借鉴必须注明出处在法学essay写作中，引用的功能主要包括三个方面：（1）帮助读者识别和调用相关文献资源：Help readers identify and relocate the source work。（2）证明论文的观点是经过充分研究得出的；Provide evidence that the position is well-researched。（3）尊重提出原观点、理论的作者：Give credit to the author of an original concept or theory presented。此外，在阅读一些论文的时候，我们经常看到一个引用泛化的现象，就是引用没有体现上述功能。例如，将学界通识引用为个别知名教授的观点，将一些基本事实、常识引用为个别文章的成果，等等。二、引用形式要统一引用形式要统一，是指引用的格式必须按照标准化的要求做到全文统一，并遵循有关要求。在英文论文写作中，引用的格式有多种参考标准。在Google Scholar检索中自动生成的Citation形式里面，就有MLA、APA和GB/T 7714三种可选，其中第三个是中国国家标准化管理委员会发布的国家标准《文后参考文献著录规则》，在国内高校的毕业论文引用规范和理工科学术期刊中采用较多。此外，国际标准化组织（ISO）还发布了文献引用格式的国际标准ISO 690:2010（Information and documentation--Guidelines for bibliographic references and citations to information resources），致力于推动文献引用格式的国际协调一致。文献引用格式的标准化，有利于促进文献数据的信息化处理，进而服务于学术影响力评价等诸多方面。目前，各种类型文献引用规范都是推荐性的。各个研究机构、学术期刊往往会根据本领域文献的特征，选择其中一种或者自创一种格式作为采用格式。在法学essay引用格式中，以《哈佛法律评论》等为主的期刊联盟就自行制定了文献引用体系的蓝皮书，也即The Bluebook，该引用格式目前是英文世界法学文献的主流引用格式。此外，APA、Martin也被诸多法学研究机构和学术期刊采用，故此，本文就分别介绍一下The Bluebook、APA、Martin的基本情况。The Bluebook文献引用格式The Bluebook的英文全称为The Bluebook:A Uniform System of Citation，中文全称为《蓝皮书：统一注释体系》。在使用过程中，一般直接称为蓝皮书（The Bluebook），它是一本在美国使用最为广泛的法律引用指南。蓝皮书是由《哈佛法律评论》、《哥伦比亚法律评论》、《宾夕法尼亚法律评论》、《耶鲁法律评论》的编委会共同参与编写。蓝皮书第一版出版于1926年，现在已经出到了第二十版。蓝皮书是美国绝大多数法学院进行引用时参考的指南，也是美国绝大多数联邦法院使用的引用格式。当然，美国最高法院有自己的引用格式，每个州在自己的法院系统里也只遵守自己制定的引用格式。The Bluebook全书共计560页，详细的列举了各类文献的引用形式。在书中，你可以看到中文文献的英文引用方式，也可以看到同一本文献的多种引用形式。在每一类文献的引用规范中，The Bluebook列举了许多中不同情况、不同形式的引用形式，供读者自己选择。例如，对于著作，他列举了一个作者、两个作者、三个作者以上的不同引用形式，同时对于一个作者的著作又列举了不同引用形式，供读者自行选择适用。在期刊论文、电子文献等其他各类资源下，也尽可能穷尽各种形式进行举例说明。The Bluebook的详尽引用规范，一方面得到大百科全书的赞誉，另外也因为其过于繁杂而饱受了许多批评。例如，芝加哥大学直接将蓝皮书简化改版为Maroonbook，以增加适用的便利性。总而言之，The Bluebook是法学论文写作的必备书，但是并不需要使用者全文阅读，而仅仅是在需要使用的时候查看。尤其对于其他引用规范没有提到的偏门文献，The Bluebook往往也可以让你查到其引用形式。The Bluebook虽然是必备必备工具书，但是其并未免费向社会提供，使用者必须用真金实银去购买方可获得。在The Bluebook发行的最初50年，该书的版权收益一直由《哈佛法律评论》100%占有，《哥伦比亚法律评论》、《宾夕法尼亚法律评论》、《耶鲁法律评论》到1974年时才意识到这一问题。最终经过争论，《哈佛法律评论》分享40%收益，另外三家各分享20%的收益，《哈佛法律评论》负责生产和销售。另外，记得在中国政法大学中欧法学院的课程中，讲授Legal Research and Writing的美国教授曾经专门向TheBluebook版权方询问，是否可以授权免费复印40余本用于教学。The Bluebook的版权方明确回答，必须付费方可使用，最后由学校付费才取得复印数十本的权利。在Amazon，目前第20版的The Bluebook售价32美元左右。The Bluebook的电子版在网上无法免费获得。对于其他途径获取电子版或复印版，各位可以根据著作权法的合理使用规则自行处理。APA文献引用格式APA格式英文全称为Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association，即《美国心理协会刊物准则》。它是美国心理协会（American Psychological Association）出版的，在包括法学在内的各个社会科学领域内广泛采用的文献引用规范。APA格式起源于1929年，当时只有7页，被刊登在《心理学期刊（Psychological Bulletin）》。目前，APA已出版至第六版（ISBN 9781433805615），总页数272页。在APA格式中，引注没有The Bluebook那么复杂，其采用的引用格式也比较容易被读者记下和掌握。但是，APA对于法学论文中常见的案例引用等特殊情况，没有作出说明，由此导致采用APA格式的法学论文都需要再配合The Bluebook使用。为了对APA格式有直观了解，举例如下：纸质著作：Finney,J(1970)Time and New York,NY:Simon andS纸质期刊论文：Nevin,A(1990)The changing of teacher education special Teacher Education and Special Education:The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children,13(3-4),147-148APA的第6版还特别新增了Kindle电子版图书的引用规范，例如：Eggers,D(2008)The circle[KindleVersion]APA格式也是受到著作权保护的作品，其售价为15美元左右。同时，在Google上可以检索到该书第6版的电子版。Martin文献引用格式Martin格式的英文全名是Introduction to Basic Legal Citation，即《基本法律引用指引》。它是由康奈尔大学法学院前院长Peter WMartin教授创作完成。Martin格式最初诞生于1993年，在2016年做了最新修订，共计500页。该格式比The Bluebook简单易懂，同时还补充了APA格式对于法学论文引用的不足。此外，Martin格式的由作者通过互联网免费向社会公开使用，可以不受纸质版出版周期限制而作出及时的修订。在Martin格式的第一章，其全面总结了主要的文献引用形式，并做了详细的讲解。因此，对于初学者来说，直接看Martin格式的第一章就可以比较全面的掌握英文文献引用的基本技巧。总结各类引用格式规范提供了多种参考格式，在没有其他要求的情况下，同学们只需要保障文中前后一致即可。此外，上述英文引用格式是写作英文论文所需要掌握和运用的。希望同学们都能掌握以上的法学essay的引用格式哦！回答来源于Meeloun，原文链接
一、英文论文的标题一篇较长的英文论文(如英文毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英文论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:D/PCPrager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。就学生而言,如果英文论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为5cm,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐,并留出5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。二、英文论文提纲英文论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、英文论文正文有标题页和提纲页的英文论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。四、英文论文的文中引述正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英文论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英文论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9)这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成9)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开,如下例所示:Whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “Democratic Vistas” is an admirable and characteristic And if one is sorry that in it Whitman is unable to conceive the extreme crises of society, one is certain that no society would be tolerable whoses citizens could not find refreshment in its buoyant democratic (Chase 165)这里的格式有两点要加以注意。一是引文各行距英文论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。如:DBeaman points out that“he [Charles Darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”(9)值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。如:Mary Shelley hated tyranny and“looked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and with undisguised scorn and (Nitchie 43)若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。如:Professor Chen Jia's A History of English Literature aimed to give Chinese readers“a historical survey of English literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(Chen,1:i)圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字；其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。如果英文论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。如:Bacon condemned Platoas“an obstacle to science”(Farrington, Philosophy 35)Farrington points out that Aristotle's father Nicomachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(Aristotle 15)这两个例子分别引用了Farrington的两部著作,故在各自的圆括弧中分别注出所引用的书名,以免混淆。两部作品名均为缩写形式(如书名太长,在圆括弧中加以注明时均需使用缩写形式),其全名分别为 Founder of Scientific Philosophy 及The Philosophy of Francis Baconand Aristotle。评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface, “The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all ”(1620-21)这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格；圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。五、英文论文的文献目录论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited,其格式须注意下列几点:目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。目录页应视为英文论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为6cm,不必留出更多空白。各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。现将部分较为特殊的条目分列如下,并略加说明,供读者参考。Two or More Books by the Same Author Brooks, C Fundamentals of Good Writing: A Handbook of Modern R NewYork: Harcourt, ---The Hidden God: Studies in Hemingway, Faulkner, Yeats, Eliot, and W New Haven: Yale UP,引用同一作者的多部著作,只需在第一条目中注明该作者姓名,余下各条目则以三条连字符及一句点代替该作者姓名；各条目须按书名的第一个词(冠词除外)的字母顺序排列。An Author with an Editor Shake speare, W The Tragedy of M E Louis B W New York: Washington Square, 本条目将作者 Shakespeare 的姓名排在前面,而将编者姓名(不颠倒)放在后面,表明引文出自 The Tragedy of Macbeth；如果引文出自编者写的序言、导言等,则需将编者姓名置前,如:Blackmur, Richard PI The Art of the Novel: Critical P By Henry J New York: Scribner's, vii-如果引言与著作为同一人所写,则其格式如下例所示(By后只需注明作者姓即可):Emery, D P English F By E London: Macmillan, v- A Multivolume WorkBrowne, T The Works of Sir Thomas B E Geoffrey K 4 London: Faber, Browne, T The Works of Sir Thomas B E Geoffrey K V London: Faber, 4 第一条目表明该著作共4卷,而论文作者使用了各卷内容；第二条目则表明论文作者只使用了第2卷中的内容。A Selection from an Anthology Abram, M H“English Romanticism: The Spirit of the A” Romanticism R E Northrop F New York: Columbia UP,63-被引用的英文论文名须用引号标出,并注意将英文论文名后的句点置于引号内。条目末尾必须注明该文在选集中的起止页码。Articles in Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers Otto, Mary L“Child Abuse: Group Treatment for P” Personnel and Guidance Journal 62(1984): 336-报刊杂志名需划线,但其后不需任何标点符号。62为卷号或期号,如既有卷号,又有期号,则要将二者以句号分开。如:(3)；1984为出版年份,应置于圆括弧中。Arnold, M“Willa Cather's Nostalgia: A Study in A”Research Studies M1981:23-24,月刊或双月刊须同时注明出版年月；23-24,28表示该文的前一部分刊于第23和24两页,后一部分则转至第28页。Gorney, C“When the Gorilla S”Washington Post 31 July,1985:B引用日报上的英文论文必须同时注明报纸出版的年、月、日。B1为该文在报纸中的版面及页码。
The subject is: a blatant crime on the criminal law of the theoretical knowledgeAbstract: a flagrant crime as a general social phenomenon, has been in existence for thousands of years of social history; including, in particular the concept of school as a flagrant crime committed, it can be said with the general sense of the crime have simultaneously; the concept of criminal law as a flagrant offenders has also been historically exist in human society a thousand Openly committed as a criminal and the negative cultural expressions, whether it is the specificity of the Criminal Code norms on moral values or the reverse, and are worthy of criminal law theory researchers to explore in However, for a long time, China's Criminal Law on the "objective elements constitute a crime," the study focus, multi-objective aspects of running an essential element, that is against the act, against the findings and results of behavior and the causal relationship between on; for the crime as an objective choice of the implementation of elements of the crime the way, but rarely get In this paper, exploring a flagrant crime, not only confined to the study of criminal law perspective, but also learn from the crime, ethics, sociology, such as the perspective of the norms of a flagrant offense, the nature of black social evil, the negative value and its comprehensive evaluation Author through so many levels, multi-angle discussion to a more deepening and comprehensive three-dimensional interpretation that the truth will be openly committed to maximize the show in the face of social and readers, so expect it to for the development of China's Criminal Jurisprudence criminal applications of the research on the subject domain, to make its own modest Key words: flagrant flagrant crime
题目：With regard to criminal law theory in the understanding of a flagrant crime正文：Flagrant crime as a general social phenomenon, has been in existence for thousands of years of social history; including, in particular the concept of school as a flagrant crime committed, it can be said with the general sense of the crime have simultaneously; the concept of criminal law as a flagrant offense, has historically existed in thousands of human Openly committed as a criminal and the negative cultural expressions, whether it is the specificity of the Criminal Code norms on moral values or the reverse, and are worthy of criminal law theory researchers to explore in However, for a long time, China's Criminal Law刑法理论界on the "objective elements constitute a crime," the study focus, multi-objective aspects of running an essential element, that is against the act, against the findings and results of behavior and the causal relationship between on; for the crime as an objective choice of the implementation of elements of the crime the way, but rarely get In this paper, exploring a flagrant crime, not only confined to the study of criminal law perspective, but also learn from the crime, ethics, sociology, such as the perspective of the norms of a flagrant offense, the nature of black social evil, the negative value and its comprehensive evaluation Author惟愿through so many levels, multi-angle discussion to a more deepening and comprehensive three-dimensional interpretation that the truth will be openly committed to maximize the show in the face of social and readers, so expect it to for the development of China's Criminal Jurisprudence criminal applications of the research on the subject domain, to make its own modest 摘要的英文是:Abstract关键词是：Key words内容是：Flagrant；Flagrant crime
The subject is: a blatant crime on the criminal law of the theoretical knowledgeAbstract: a flagrant crime as a general social phenomenon, has been in existence for thousands of years of social history; including, in particular the concept of school as a flagrant crime committed, it can be said with the general sense of the crime have simultaneously; the concept of criminal law as a flagrant offenders has also been historically exist in human society a thousand Openly committed as a criminal and the negative cultural expressions, whether it is the specificity of the Criminal Code norms on moral values or the reverse, and are worthy of criminal law theory researchers to explore in However, for a long time, China's Criminal Law on the "objective elements constitute a crime," the study focus, multi-objective aspects of running an essential element, that is against the act, against the findings and results of behavior and the causal relationship between on; for the crime as an objective choice of the implementation of elements of the crime the way, but rarely get In this paper, exploring a flagrant crime, not only confined to the study of criminal law perspective, but also learn from the crime, ethics, sociology, such as the perspective of the norms of a flagrant offense, the nature of black social evil, the negative value and its comprehensive evaluation Author through so many levels, multi-angle discussion to a more deepening and comprehensive three-dimensional interpretation that the truth will be openly committed to maximize the show in the face of social and readers, so expect it to for the development of China's Criminal Jurisprudence criminal applications of the research on the subject domain, to make its own modest Key words: flagrant flagrant crime
一般论文的组成都是一样的~写这个论文~你可以看下（法学）这样的期刊~找下你的写作思路吧~
论题论点结论这些肯定要在写之前就有一个思路的~建议你看下（法学），期刊里面都是别人已经发表的论文~好好参考下~找下自己的写作思路吧
以下是学术堂整理的关于法学论文写作的一些建议,希望有所帮助 刘南平博士说: 简单地讲,它(命题)应该是贯穿整个博士论文的中心论点,是你试图在论文中探讨或论证的一个基本问题或基本观点 在初步阅读文献的基础上,可以拟一个提纲,提纲可以澄清思路,也可以使作者一目了然地看出自己的思路是否前后一致;还可以列一个参考文献目录,使自己明白要看和要找的资料;与人讨论自己的论文构思,也是一个好办法 问题是否成熟不完全在于这个主题下已经有多少篇论文了,而在于问题是否被人看到了、解决了 如果你仅仅检索、参考和引用论文,你只能在一个狭隘的圈子里说话,而且往往还无甚新意 如果你要梳理一个制度的来龙去脉、一个概念的生发演变,那些故纸堆里的东西可能正好是你要找的,那些变化的细节也许正是值得你关注的 可以这么说,一手资料是金,二手资料是铜,三手资料是垃圾 一个初入门者,可能会借助作者身份、期刊或者出版社、发表 或者出版 的时间 版次 、被引用乃至下载次数等外在因素去判断,这些不是完全没有道理: 一个权威期刊上发表的文章,可以假定比一个三流刊物上同主题的文章要靠谱; 一篇被频繁引用或者大量下载的文章,总比一篇没人引用的同主题文章要好一些; 一本几次再版或者多次印刷的教科书,大体上是品质的保证; 你所了解的一位名声在外而素来严谨的学者写的东西,永远值得重视; 在我看来,文献质量取决于三个因素: 一是思想的原创性或者出处的原生性; 二是论证的严谨性或者报道的准确性; 三是影响力; 思想的原创性,指一个学术概念或者观点最早是谁、在哪里提出的,或者一个事件最早是谁报道的,通常只有阅读了大量文献,理清思想的脉络以后,才能作出准确的判断 以美国为例,主流的 Law Review 差不多每个法学院都有,其中最有名的当数「哈佛法律评论」「耶鲁法律杂志」「哥伦比亚法律评论」 互联网上的信息,必须查到它原始的出处;没有找到原始出处,都属于道听途说 国家统计局网站提供了各种官方统计数据或者数据链接, 内事不决问百度,外事不决问谷歌也 查找文献有两种方法: 一是确定范围、全面排查,即确定检索范围、检索方式和检索词,进行地毯式的检索; 二是顺藤摸瓜、延伸阅读,即根据已有文献提供的线索做进一步检索; 这两种方法应当交替并用,只用一种还不行 四种比较常用的方法,即现场观察、深度访谈、问卷调查和文献分析 描述状况的具体方法有好多种,比较常用的有举例说明、统计数据和类比说明三种方法 要注意的是,用于类比的事物与类比对象不一定有实质上的同源性,其类比也不见得精确合理 属性分析在教科书中是相当常见的,每讲到一个重要概念,教科书都会给出一个定义,指出它的属性 如果大家都是从自己定义的概念或者自己奉行的教条出发,以不具有共识的观点作为论证的前提,就无法进行有意义的学术讨论;要真正解决前面所说的行政合同一类的问题,恐怕需要回到原点,把它放在现实情景中重新探讨它的属性 理想类型则是在对纷繁芜杂的现象进行整理、提炼所得的典型;它不完全对应于经验事实,不是对现实的精确描绘,但又基于经验事实,抓住了现实的一些基本特征 法律条文作为论据也不是所向披靡的,它作为论据的有效性取决于几个因素: 一是法条含义的明确性; 二是法条自身的有效性; 三是法律条文与论证主题的相关性; 体系解释,指根据相关条款在法律文本章、节、款、项中的位置来解释该条款的含义;这是文意解释的延伸,但仍然是在法律文本 运用学说作为论证根据,要注意分析其内在理路,避免简单地"耍大牌"或者"数人头":你搬出梁慧星,我抬出王泽鉴;支持你观点的只有两位学者,支持我观点的有五位学者······这都不是理性讨论的态度 标题的功能有两种:一是表明论题,二是表明命题梁慧星教授曾提出,标题"必须是动宾结构的短语,不能是句子;只确定研究对象,不表达作者观点" "考",多用于事实问题的考证;"批判",则火药味较浓,宜慎用;"论纲",多指问题很大,现在只能说个纲要 如果用一句话来概括,应当是:与你的研究主题相关的重要的学术文献