欧洲文化论文2000字中文

主要学术成果：“从观念层面看中欧关系的发展”（论文，20000字），载张蕴岭主编，《中国对外关系：回顾与思考（1949～2009）》，社科文献出版社2009年10月版。“解析中欧关系中的观念因素”（论文，8000字）,载《欧洲研究》2009年第5期。“反思2008年的中欧关系”，（研究报告，本人承担约5000字）载《欧洲研究》2009年第3期。“解析欧盟中国观的变化”，（研究报告，本人为课题负责人，承担8000字），周弘主编《2008年欧洲发展报告》，社科文献出版社2009年1月版。“论社会层面上的欧洲认同建构”，论文，《欧洲研究》2008年第1期，收入马胜利主编《欧洲认同研究》，社科文献出版社2008年版，12000字。“欧盟五十年”，研究报告（合著），《2007－2008欧洲发展报告》，中国社会科学出版社2008年版，本人承担6000字。“解析中欧关系的当前难点”，论文，《海外投资与出口信贷》，2008年第8期，8000字。《欧盟社会政策与欧洲一体化》，（专著），社会科学文献出版社2005年版，共35万字。《欧洲史研究在中国：简史与现状》（研究报告），《大邱史学》（韩文）2006年第1期，中文11000字。“奥地利社民党执政的经验与教训”，（论文），2万字，载顾俊礼主编，《欧洲政党执政经验研究》，经济管理出版社2005年版。“论中欧伙伴关系中的观念因素”，（论文），3万字，载高全喜主编，《大国》第3期，北京大学出版社2005年版。“欧洲社会模式与福利国家改革”，（论文）2万字，载《中国社会科学院－瑞典高等亚太研究所经济发展与社会政策学术研讨会中方代表论文》（内部）。“中欧伙伴关系与观念因素”（论文），载周弘主编《共性与差异：中欧伙伴关系评析》，中国社会科学出版社2004年3月版，23000字。“英国：对外援助与国际关系”（论文），载王振华等主编《解析英国》，中国社会科学出版社2003年12月版，11000字。“论中欧政治关系中的合作与冲突”（论文），《国际贸易》杂志2003年第9期，10000字；“英国：对外援助与国家利益”，（论文）载《欧洲》杂志2002年第6期，约11000字。“英国的福利国家制度”、“瑞典的福利国家制度”、“美国的福利国家制度”，（合著），载顾俊礼主编、田德文副主编：《福利国家论析：以欧洲为背景的研究》，经济管理出版社2002年2月第一版，共66000字。“对外援助与国家利益：英国的个案分析”、“英国：对外援助与国际关系”，（合著），载周弘主编：《对外援助与国际关系》，中国社会科学出版社2002年3月第一版，60000字。“国家利益至上：解析英国政府对外援助政策”，（论文），载《国际贸易》杂志2001年第9期，9000字；“西欧极右翼势力的政治化趋势”，《光明日报》2000年12月20日，3000字；“西方文化霸权与冷战后的国际关系”，（论文），载《世界经济与政治》杂志，2001年第4期，8000字；（《人大书报复印资料?国际政治》2001年第7期全文转载）；后被收入俞可平主编：《全球化：西方化还是中国化》，社会科学文献出版社2002年5月第一版；“论欧洲联盟的社会政策”，（论文），载《欧洲》杂志2000年第4期，约11000字；2000年第11期《新华文摘》杂志进行了全文转载，《人大书报复印资料?国际政治》杂志也于2001年第2期全文收录了该篇文章；同时，该文还被全文收入北京外国问题研究会编辑的《走进新世纪的俄罗斯、欧盟与中国》论文集。2002年该篇论文获得“2001-2002年度中国社会科学院欧洲研究所优秀科研成果奖”和“第四届中国社会科学院优秀科研成果奖三等奖”。“奥地利与瑞士”，周弘主编：《1999-2000年欧洲发展报告》，社科文献出版社2000年版，第160-170页，约6000字；此后在2000～2007年欧洲发展报告中撰写相同部分；“欧洲的移民问题与南北关系”，（论文），载《欧洲》杂志，1999年第1期，约12000字；国家社科基金项目论文；“福利国家与劳动力市场弹性”，（论文），载裘元伦、罗红波主编：《中国与欧洲联盟就业政策比较》，中国经济出版社1998年版，第158-165页，约5000字；“欧盟各国的失业问题与社会保障改革”，（论文），载周弘主编：《1996-1997年欧洲发展报告》，中国社会科学出版社1997年版，第79-92页，约8000字；“价值观念和战略利益”，（论文），载周荣耀主编：《冷战后的东方与西方》，中国社会科学出版社1997年版，第119-125页，约6000字；院重点课题；“英国的社会保障制度析论”，（论文），载《欧洲》杂志，1996年第5期，约10000字；《为什么偏偏是英国》，田德文、靳雷等著，世界知识出版社1995年版；该书系“大国丛书”的英国卷，本人为主要撰稿人，写作约十五万字；“欧洲文明与全球化”，（论文）载《世界经济与政治》杂志，1995年第6期，越8000字；《人大书报复印资料》全文转载；“欧共体法探析”，（论文），载《欧洲》杂志，1995年第1期，约10000字；“摆脱“冷战思维模式”（论文），载《西亚非洲》杂志，1994年第2期，约5000字；“当代资本主义的意识形态”，（合著）载李琮主编：《当代资本主义论》，社科文献出版社1993年版，第409-442页，约50000字；院重点项目，该论著获中国社会科学院第二届优秀科研成果奖；“福利国家和资本主义”，（论文），载《国外社会科学》杂志，1992年第12期，6000字；“对‘撒切尔主义’的政治学分析”，（论文），载《国外社会科学》杂志1992年第1期，6000字。

给你一个欧洲文化的起源。世界四大文明古国之外，在当时它们4个正辉煌的时候，世界的边缘有一个稍微小点儿的文明在酝酿，这个文明的中心或者说所在地，就在希腊南方的最大的岛上，处于地中海的东部，叫什么忘了，自己百度吧。这个文明很稀稀落落，演变成希腊文明，然后地中海东部的小亚细亚人与意大利人的加入，变成罗马文明，再然后就是大罗马文明，相当于中国的周朝，然后就是瓦解成如今的英德法意二牙和南斯拉夫什么什么的。这是欧洲文化的起源。

你是川师的哇，哈哈哈哈，我也正在写。。。

Abstract: America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that, American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence, did Americans realized that they need national literature strongly, and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history, after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics, which emphasized individualism and intuition and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring, there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature, and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence of Civil War, the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life, critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War, Americans were at a loss postwar, and the Modern American literature Keywords: National Literature, Romanism, Transcendentalism, Local Color, Realism, Modern literature 摘要： 从殖民地时期起，欧洲殖民者和清教徒翻开了美国文学史的第一页。 这往后很长一段时期， 美国文学一直都受到欧洲文化的很大 影响 。一直到美国独立后，美国人强烈地感觉到了民族文学的需要，美国的民族文学开始 发展 。 南北战争是美国文学史上一个分水岭， 战后美国文学进入了一个全盛时期，产生了强调个性主义和直觉的早期浪漫主义，和以爱默生为代表的超验主义文学。爱默生的 时代 是美国前所未有的文学变动时代，产生了一大批优秀的作家和作品。 他们突出地给予了当时美国文学以深度和力量，也促进了罗曼主义高潮的来临。但是由于战争的影响， 社会 动荡不安，这时的作品更注重于揭示社会的阴暗面， 同时美国的民族文学进一步发展，创作出许多带有本土色彩和批判现实主义的作品。 一战后，美国人陷入战后的茫然， 美国也开始进入了 现代 文学阶段。 关键词： 民族文学， 浪漫主义， 超验主义， 本土色彩， 现实主义， 现代文学 American is a multi-national Just like a big container, which put in various kinds of Different cultures, that can not only be co-existed but also form a sharp contrast, mixed together, It makes American literature style has a flavor of distinct and various aesthetic Many writers come from lower level, which makes American literature has the rich flavor of life and local Furthermore, many new styles of literature in the world are oriented in America since 20th The process of American literature can be divided into following main periods: Colony and Puritan literature; early national literature; latter national literature and Modern America’s history of literature began with the swarming in of immigrants with different background and After that, American literature had been greatly influenced by the European culture for a long It was not until America’s independence, did Americans realize that they need national literature strongly, and American literature began to The Civil War was a watershed in the history, after which American literature entered a period of full Romantics, which emphasized individualism and intuition，and Tnscendentalism represented by Emerson came out into This was an exciting period in the history of American Like the flowers of spring, there were suddenly many different kinds of writing at the same They have given depth and strength to American literature, and accelerated the forming of High R But due to the influence if Civil War, the American society was in a turbulent The writings about local life, critical realism and unveiling the dark side of the society were After The First World War, Americans were at a loss postwar, and the Modern American literature Colonial and early American literature (1) Travelers and Explorers When the European explorers first came to this new continent, the native Indians who probably got here from Asia about fifteen thousand years ago were still in origin, and they even had no written language, “The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by word of mouth, and therefore belongs to the category of oral literature,” (Wu Dingbo, 1) As time past, more and more travelers and explorers swarmed They wrote a lot of diaries、letters, and travel accounts to describe the new land as second E No wander somebody said that the earliest American literature were the travel accounts written by European Among the most remained were Captain John Smith’s True Relation of Virginia (1608), and Description of New England (1616) Although most of the Indian history was preserved in tales and songs, they had thoughts about life and They loved the natural world around them deeply, and they believed that when a person was dead, he would give back what had borrowed while he was alive to This kind of philosophy had influenced later or even modern American It’s interesting that when we look at the literature of the Puritans, the Transcendentalists, the Naturalists, and even the Moderns, when we read Anne Bradstreet, Emily Dickinson, Stephen Crane, and Ernest Hemingway, we can find similar (2) Pilgrim settlements Several years later, another group of settlers also arrived in the New W This group was looking for the Jamestown However , because of bad navigation, they landed in M They were also coming to the New World with dreams of success, but their goal was different from the Jamestown They wanted to start a new world governed by the B They were called Puritans because they wanted to live a better life by making themselves They first arrived on the Mayflower and settled in P This is the group we are usually thinking about when we talk about the "first A"The clearest history of their journey to the New World can be found in History of Plymouth Plantation (1608) written by William Bradford, who was also one of the Mayflower The History of Plymouth Plantation is a Puritan book in the best “It’s loosely annalistic, but a direct and simple style gives charm, as a sincere faith in Puritanism gives purity, to the entire ” (W P Trent, 1997) The Puritans had several kinds of By far the most common form is the writing related to Biblical teachings, or sermons, that the church leaders The Puritans believed that they were in the New World because God had brought them there for a special They thought that by studying the Bible they could learn more about this way of So they were very strict to their life, and they didn’t allow any kind of entertainment even in That’s way Wu Dingbo said in his book “Literature of the New England Settlement is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism” and “The literature of the colonial settlement served either God or colonial expansion or ” (Wu Dingbo, 4) Another important form of writing from this period is the These books, like Bradford's History of Plymouth Plantation, are important because they tell us about life at the time of the P People also wrote many But a lot of works were hidden and lost because people often considered poetry to be an inferior form of writing and not totally acceptable to Puritan One of the most significant poets from this period was Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) Her poems in Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up In America (1650) reflected the con concerns of women who came to settle in the colonies, and in all her poems, however, she shows her strong belief in G 18th century—the Age of reason (1) The Age of reason In the 18th century, people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human With Franklin as its spokesman, the 18th century America experienced an age of Words had never been so useful and so important in human People wrote a lot of political Numerous pamphlets and printings were These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the Among the most renowned was the work Common Sense (1776) of Thomas Paine (1737-1809) It’s the ringing call for the decoration of He also wrote Crisis (1774-1783) and The Age of Reason (1794-1796), according to Wu, “He thought that religion should be based on rational, reasonable ” (Wu Dingbo, 12) The pamphlets helped complete the debate that resulted in America's separation from E And of course for all the Americans, the most important document from this period was a single sheet of paper called The Declaration of Independence (1776), mainly written by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin F Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), the most distinguished person and giant in American history, he wrote and worked for American independence hardly and had made so many great efforts to America that he has been called "The First A" a world-renowned scientist, diplomat, philosopher, and He perfected the smooth, clear, short sentences of the Puritan plain His Autobiography encourages hard work and emphasizes the importance of Another work that is well known is Poor Richard's Almanack, and many of the sentences have become popular During this time writers thought that the truth should be relied on Bible, churchmen, authorities, or practice and (2) Early National Literature During the period of American Revolution War, American national literature came into Since before the war, American people have already had the awareness of national independence, so they wrote many political writings revolutionary The war helped the first important American prose writers and poets grow up both culturally and Furthermore, the independence of nation led to the independence of national From this moment on, American people began to understand of meaning of being a real ”American“ 放不下了，后面还有，在下面的网站里。满意拿分

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