Naval Research Logistics * 0894-069X Wiley InterScience 1996 to present Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review * 1366-5545 Elsevier ScienceDirect OnSite 01/1995 to present Air Force Journal of Logistics 0270-403X EBSCOhost - Academic Search Premier Apr 1999- US Industry Quarterly Review: Transportation & Logistics EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier Apr 2002- Transport Logistics 0929-9645 EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier Jun 1996-Dec 1998 Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Sweden EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Spain EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Netherlands EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Italy EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Germany EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: France EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Europe EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Belgium EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Sweden EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Spain EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Netherlands EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Italy EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Germany EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: France EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Europe EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier Jun 2004-
随着社会的发展，行业竞争的日趋激烈，如何提高工作效率、降低管理成本、提高服务水平和企业的竞争能力，是每一个企业管理者最为关注的问题。越来越多的管理者认为实行计算机科学化管理是解决这一问题的关键。 物流运输企业由于行业特点，传统操作过程复杂，文件繁多，竞争日趋激烈。越来越多的信息问题涌现出来，例如：一方面，要不断开发客户市场，对客户的基本资料，货物分布情况、联系人的喜好及联系方式有较为全面的了解，另一方面，要作好财务的收付工作，确保运费能按时的收付，欠款一目了然，及时催缴。以往查阅厚厚的文件资料的做法，显然是不可取的。必须采取更有效的解决办法。同时收集处理信息的速度、信息的准确性、安全性，还影响到公司整体的管理水平和决策层对整体业务的控制和协调。采用计算机软件管理信息是解决上述问题的一个行之有效的办法。 物流管理软件，就是根据物流运输企业业务流程，将企业业务的各类数据联系起来，组成一个有机的系统，使得业务、财务、市场等方面的信息得以方便、快捷地传递，并经过综合处理生成各种报表送交给各个职能部门及决策层。应用物流管理软件系统不仅可以节省大量的人力，减少工作中的失误，对客户的询问可以迅速的从电脑中查询信息答复客户，而且可以帮助决策者及时调整公司经营策略，提高公司在同行业中的知名度，增强公司的竞争力。 过去物流管理着重在企业内部作业与组织的整合，对下游顾客的对应，是以服务与品质为主要重心。因此，评价物流的管理业绩和效果的准则，多半是以处理订单周期时间的速度，供货率及完成质量来量度。 随着物流业的发展，在供应链管理模式上增添新的内容，物流业出现了新的十大趋势。 （一）物流管理从物的处理，提升到物的加值方案设计、解决和管理上。可以为客户提供度身订造式的，并带有个性化的服务，企业逐渐转向强调跨企业界限的整合，使得顾客关系的维护与管理变得越来越重要。 （二）由对立转向联合。传统商业通道中，企业间多半以自我为中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企业间对立的局面。然而在追求更大竞争力的驱动下，许多企业开始在各个商业流通机能上整合，通过联合规划与作业，形成高度整合的供应链通道关系，使通道整体成绩和效果大幅提升。 （三）由预测转向终测。传统的流通模式通过预测下游通道的资源来进行各项物流作业活动，不幸的是预测很少会准确的，因而浪费了许多自然及商业资源。新兴的物流管理趋势是强调通道成员的联合机制，成员间愿意互换营运及策略的信息，尤其是内部需求及生产的资料，使得上游的企业无需去预测，流通模式是逐渐由预测基础转向终测基础发展。 （四）由经验积累转向变迁策略。一直以来经验曲线是企业用来分析市场竞争趋势及发展对应策略的方法，并以企业长年积累的经验作为主要竞争武器，然而科技的突飞进步，企业固守既有经验反而成为企业发展的障碍，因此在调度变化的环境下，经验及现存通道基础结构反变为最难克服的障碍，成功的企业要建立对策略方向的嗅觉和持续变迁管理体系才能生存。 （五）由绝对价值转向相对价值。传统财务评价只看一些绝对数值，新的评估方法将着重在相对价值的创造，亦即在通道中提供加值服务，顾客所增加的价值中企业可占多少比例。 （六）由功能整合转向程序整合。在竞争渠道日趋激烈的环境中，企业必须更快响应上、下游顾客的需要，因而必须有效整合各部门的营运，并以程序式的操作系统来动作，物流作业与活动多半具有跨功能，跨企业的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重点。 （七）由垂直整合转向虚拟整合。在传统渠道中，一些大企业进行通道的垂直整合，以期对通过掌握有更大的力量，事实证明这并不成功，反而分散了企业的资源，并将主业削弱。今日企业经营的趋势是专注核心业务，将非核心业务委托给专业管理公司去做，形成虚拟企业整合体系，使主体企业提供更好的产品及服务。 （八）由信息保留转向信息分享。在供应链管理结构下，供应链内相关企业必须将供应链整合所需的信息与其他企业分享，否则，无法形成有效的供应链体系。 （九）由训练转向知识学习。在可预见的未来，任何物流程序均以人力来完成。然而，物流作业多半需要在各个物流据点和运输网络中进行，大约有90%的时间，物流主管无法亲自加以监控。全球化的发展趋势，也增加了物流人力资源管理的复杂度。物流主管必须将以个别人员技能训练的方式，转向知识基础的学习发展。 （十）由管理会计转向价值管理。未来许多企业愿意投入许多资源建立基本会计系统，着重在提供增值创造，跨企业的管理信息，以期能确认可创造价值的作业，而非仅在于收益增加，成本升降上。 Along with society's development, the profession competition is day by day intense, how enhances the working efficiency, reduces the management cost, the enhancement service level and enterprise's competitive ability, is each enterprise superintendent most matter of More and more many superintendents thought the implementation computer scientific style management solves this question The thing flows the transportation enterprise as a result of the profession characteristic, the tradition operating process complex, document many, the competition is day by day The more and more many information question emerges, for example: On the one hand, must develop the customer market unceasingly, to the customer basic document, the cargo distribution situation, the contact person likes and the contact method has a more comprehensive understanding, on the other hand, must finish financial the receipts and disbursements work, guarantees the transport expense to be able on time receipts and disbursements, the debt to be clear, prompt press for Formerly consulted the thick document material the procedure, obviously was cannot be Must adopt more effective At the same time collects the process information the speed, the information accuracy, the security, but also affects the company whole management level and the decision-making strata to the overall service control and the Uses the computer software management information is solution above question effective The thing class manages the software, is flows the transportation enterprise service flow according to the thing, according to relates the enterprise service various class numbers, composes an organic system, causes aspect the and so on service, finance, market information to be able to be convenient, to transmit quickly, and produces each kind of report form after synthesis processing to deliver for each function department and the decision-making The appliance flows the management software system not only to be possible to save the massive manpower, reduces in the work the fault, may be rapid to the customer inquiry inquires the information answer customer from the computer, moreover may help the policy-maker promptly to adjust the company to manage the strategy, enhances company's in same profession well-knownness, the enhancement company's competitive In the past flowed the management emphatically in the enterprise interior work and organization's conformity, to the downriver customer's correspondence, was take serves and the quality as the main center of Therefore, the appraisal flows the management achievement and the effect criterion, is mostly by processes the order form period the speed, supplying goods rate and completes the quality to Along with the thing flowing industry development, increased the new content in the supply chain management pattern, thing flowing industry had the new ten major (1) thing flows the management from thing processing, promotes to in the thing Canadian value plan design, the solution and the May provides for the customer 度身订造 -like, and has the personalization the service, the enterprise gradually changes emphasized the cross enterprise boundary the conformity, causes the maintenance and the management which the customer relates changes more and more (2) changes the union by the In the traditional commercial channel, the enterprise mostly take as the center, pursues the self- benefit, therefore often makes the aspect which the enterprise However in under the pursue bigger competitive power actuation, many enterprises starts in each commercial circulation function the conformity, through the union plan and the work, forms highly the conformity supply chain channel relations, causes the channel overall result and the effect large (3) changes the final survey by the The traditional circulation pattern carries on each thing through the forecast downriver channel resources to flow the work activity, unfortunately forecasts very little can accurate, thus has wasted many natures and the commercial The emerging thing flows the management tendency is emphasized the channel member's union mechanism, between the member is willing to exchange transport business and the strategy information upstream, in particular internal demand and the production material, causes the enterprise not to need to forecast, the circulation pattern changes the final survey foundation development gradually by the forecast (4) accumulates by the experience changes the vicissitude The empirical curve has since always been the enterprise uses for to analyze the market competition tendency and the development correspondence strategy method, and the experience which accumulates by the enterprise elders takes the main competition weapon, however the science and technology flies suddenly the progress, the enterprise defends stubbornly already has the experience instead to become the barrier which the enterprise develops, therefore in under the dispatch change environment, the experience and the extant channel foundation structure instead becomes the barrier which most difficult to overcome, the success enterprise must establish to the strategy direction sense of smell and continues the vicissitude management system to be able to (5) changes the relative value by the absolute The traditional finance appraisal will look only some absolute values, the new appraisal method emphatically in the relative value creation, that is will provide adds the value service in the channel, in the value which the customer will increase the enterprise may account for how many (6) changes the procedure conformity by the function In the competition channel intense environment, the enterprise must day by day in a quicker response, the downriver customer's need, thus must effective conformity various departments' transport business, and acts by the procedure -like operating system, the thing flows the work and the activity has the cross function mostly, cross enterprise's characteristic, therefore the procedure type conformity is the thing class manages the successful key (7) changes the hypothesized conformity by the vertical In the traditional channel, some big enterprises carry on the channel the vertical conformity, to through grasps by the time has a bigger strength, the fact proved this is not successful, instead dispersed enterprise's resources, and weakens the principal Today the enterprise manages the tendency is dedicated nucleus □0 □$ The service, makes the non- core business request for the specialized management company, forms the hypothesized enterprise conformity system, causes the main body enterprise to provide a better product and the (8) changes the information share by the information Under the supply chain management structure, supplies in the chain to be connected the enterprise to have to supply the information which the chain conformity needs to share with other enterprises, otherwise, is unable to form the effective supply chain (9) changes the knowledge study by the In future which may foresee, any thing flows the procedure to complete by the However, the thing flows the work to need to flow the foothold and in mostly the transportation network in each thing carries on, probably some 90% time, the thing flows the manager to be unable to perform to monitor Globalization development tendency, also increased the thing to flow the human resources management the order of The thing flows the manager to have by the individual personnel skill training way, changes the knowledge foundation the study (10) changes the value management by management Future many enterprises will be willing to invest many resources establishments basic accountant the system, in will provide the increment creation emphatically, the cross enterprise's management information, by the time will be able the true approval creation value work, but must only will lie in the income to increase, in cost fluctuation
什么是第三方物流: 物流这一概念，随着人们对商品生产、流通和消费的需要，越来越引起人们的注意。目前，物流一词在我国也开始使用，如物流公司、物流中心等不断出现。物流对企业在市场上能否取胜的决定作用变得越来越明显。从本质上说企业在市场上的表现主要是由产品的质量、价格以及产品的供给三个在素决定，其中任何一个因素对企业的竞争能力都起着重要的影响作用，而这三个因素都分别直接受到物流的影响。世界经济将在纵向上对工业、供应商、服客、贸易和物流公司进行重新分工，介入生产以及销售环节的物流公司的出现将是物流业发展的必然趋势。随着现代企业生产经营方式的变革和市场外部条件的变化，“第三方物流”（thirdpartylogistics）这种物流形态开始引起人们的重视，并对此表现出极大的兴趣。在西方发达国家，先进企业的物流模式已开始向第三方物流甚至第四方物流方向转变。 第三方物流（third partylogistics）的概念源自于管理学中的（out-souring），意指企业动态地配置自身和其他企业的功能和服务，利用外部的资源为企业内部的生产经营服务。将（Out-souring）引人物流管理领域，就产生了第三方物流的概念。所谓第三方物流是指生产经营企业为集中精力搞好主业，把原来属于自己处理的物流活动，以合同方式委托给专业物流服务企业，同时通过信息系统与物流服务企业保持密切联系，以达到对物流全程的管理和控制的一种物流运作与管理方式。因此第三方物流又叫合同制物流（Contractlogistics）。提供第三方物流服务的企业，其前身一般是运输业、仓储业等从事物流活动及相关的行业。从事第三方物流的企业在委托方物流需求的推动下，从简单的存储、运输等单项活动转为提供全面的物流服务，其中包括物流活动的组织、协调和管理、设计建议最优物流方案、物流全程的信息搜集、管理等。目前第三方物流的概念已广泛地被西方流通行业所接受。
Preface This document is the result of an effort by McKinsey & Company's Greater China practice to assess the impact of China's upcoming accession to the World Trade Organisation on the country ’s logistics and transportation sector, a sector that will play a key role in China ’s ongoing economic In this white paper, we present an overview of China's logistics and transportation sector, including recent developments in the area, describe the impact of current economic growth on the sector and outline a perspective on approaching the market in ways that increase the chances of McKinsey & Company is the world ’s leading international consulting firm assisting leading corporations and selected non-profit institutions in resolving complex management challenges in strategy, organization and A primary aspect of our mission is to provide objective counsel in the face of the most complex Those seeking specific advice relating to the topics discussed in this white paper should direct their inquiries to Stephen Shaw, a senior partner in McKinsey & Company ’s Hong Kong office, or Staffan Hertzell, a senior specialist in Transport and Logistics in our Brussels O ----------------------- 页面 3----------------------- China’s Evolving Logistics Landscape Economic reforms in China have already brought far-reaching change to many sectors of its Now, it ’s the turn of the logistics and transportation sector: ongoing economic growth and China ’s upcoming entry into the World Trade Organisation could very well transform this currently underdeveloped While growth is stimulating demand, WTO-entry promises significant spillover effects on the sector from the further expansion and opening of the A rapid expansion of the sector is clearly on the Already, the Chinese government has named logistics a strategic industry and has committed to promoting investment in a number of logistics centres across the Retail channels are consolidating and modernizing in the top tier cities, China ’s major consumption centres, and spreading to the next tier of Express highways linking the major cities are being completed and professional truckers are Seeing the emerging opportunity, newly established and incumbent service providers are aggressively moving to provide upgraded logistics and transportation Today, players in the sector include state-owned enterprises (SOEs), local or joint- venture third-party logistics firms, foreign entrants and emerging domestic players in manufacturing and But capturing the emerging opportunities will not be Apart from the usual challenges of building relationships and networks, players may face policy shifts, due to social or other compulsions, or come up against local protectionism that often results in big gaps between central government policy and local Broadly speaking, players should look for opportunities in two main areas: efficient, networked transportation and warehousing services and true third-party logistics Those that move fast enough, have tolerance for high risk, and build on their unique strengths will eventually triumph, given the relatively basic nature of the logistics and transportation sector 3 ----------------------- 页面 4----------------------- LOGISTICS SERVICES HAVE REMAINED ELEMENTARY Until now, the Chinese market for logistics and transportation has remained fairly Local companies have had neither the desire nor sophistication to seek real logistics Most Chinese manufacturers have remained a fragmented lot, part of a cellular economy with limited, local distribution In fact, logistics demand has remained restricted to the central and coastal provinces, around the major cities of Guangdong, Shanghai and Beijing/Tianjin, where cargo movement and industry output are highly concentrated, which have the top 8 ocean ports and the top 7 river ports in China, and whose people enjoy some of the highest per capita incomes in the country (Exhibit 1) While import/export activities and some freight forwarding have traditionally been undertaken by state-owned players like Sinotrans (China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation) or Cosco (China Ocean Shipping Company), most domestic logistics and goods transport needs have largely been met by the SOEs themselves, as they have historically owned and operated their own trucks to deliver goods downstream to distributors and These distributors and wholesalers in turn have bought the finished goods and moved them to consumers through a highly antiquated and fragmented retail Exhibit 1 LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION DEMAND AND ACTIVITIES ARE CONCENTRATED IN CENTRAL AND COASTAL CHINA Logistics and transportation demand and activities Heilongjiang Top 8 ocean ports Jilin Top 7 river ports Xinjiang Liaoning Inner Mongolia Beijing Qinhuangdao Dalian Hebei Tianjin Ningxia Qingdao Qinghai Shanxi Shandong Gansu Tibet Shaanxi Henan Jiangsu Nanjing Nantong Anhui Zhangjiagang Anqing Shanghai Sichuan Hubei Hangzhou Wuhu Ningbo Wuhan Zhejiang Hunan Jiangxi Guizhou Fujian Yunnan Guangxi Guangdong Taiwan Guangzhou Shenzhen Hainan Source: China Statistics Yearbook; Government Industry Statistics Yearbooks; Provincial/City Yearbooks; Beijing Huatongren Market Research Not surprisingly, transportation and transport-related services serving domestic needs have remained rudimentary, as described
Naval Research Logistics * 0894-069X Wiley InterScience 1996 to present Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review * 1366-5545 Elsevier ScienceDirect OnSite 01/1995 to present Air Force Journal of Logistics 0270-403X EBSCOhost - Academic Search Premier Apr 1999- US Industry Quarterly Review: Transportation & Logistics EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier Apr 2002- Transport Logistics 0929-9645 EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier Jun 1996-Dec 1998 Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Sweden EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Spain EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Netherlands EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Italy EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Germany EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: France EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Europe EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Retail Logistics Industry Profile: Belgium EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Sweden EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Spain EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Netherlands EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Italy EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Germany EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: France EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier May 2004- Pharmaceutical Logistics Industry Profile: Europe EBSCOhost - Business Source Premier Jun 2004-
到学校外文数据库上搜索一篇就行了
外文文献可以用你们图书馆的外文数据库检索, 如, 自己去找吧 学校里面可以下载到的！英文关键词可以利用网站翻译～
物流的专刊很少的~最近才新起的，有个中国公路交通科技杂志 北大核心，建议您在北大核心里面找找吧，沾边的就行~不要一味找物流类核心，物流类好像就2个核心而且还不是专刊呢。
Analysis of the development of third-party logisticsLogistics from the English word "logistics", the original intent of the military logistics support, in the second side after World War II has been widely used in the economic Logistics Management Association of the United States is defined as the logistics, "Logistics is to meet the needs of consumers of raw materials, intermediate products, final products and related information to the consumer from the beginning to the effective flow and storage, implementation and control of the process of "Logistics consists of four key components: the real flow, real storage, and management to coordinate the flow of The primary function of logistics is to create time and space effectiveness of the effectiveness of the main ways to overcome the space through the storage Third-party logistics in the logistics channel services provided by brokers, middlemen in the form of the contract within a certain period of time required to provide logistics services in whole or in Is a third-party logistics companies for the external customer management, control and operation of the provision of logistics services According to statistics, currently used in Europe the proportion of third-party logistics services for 76 percent, the United States is about 58%, and the demand is still growing; 24 percent in Europe and the United States 33% of non-third-party logistics service users are actively considering the use of third-party logistics As a third-party logistics to improve the speed of material flow, warehousing costs and financial savings in the cost effective means of passers-by, has become increasingly attracted great First, the advantages of using a third-party logistics The use of third-party logistics enterprises can yield many benefits, mainly reflected in: 1, focus on core business Manufacturers can use a third-party logistics companies to achieve optimal distribution of resources, limited human and financial resources to concentrate on their core energy, to focus on the development of basic skills, develop new products in the world competition, and enhance the core competitiveness of 2, cost-saving Professional use of third-party logistics providers, the professional advantages of mass production and cost advantages, by providing the link capacity utilization to achieve cost savings, so that enterprises can benefit from the separation of the cost Manufacturing enterprises with the expansion of marketing services to participate in any degree of depth, would give rise to a substantial increase in costs, only the use of professional services provided by public services, in order to minimize additional University of Tennessee in accordance with the United States, United Kingdom and the United States EXEL company EMST & YOUNG consulting firm co-organized a survey: a lot of cargo that enable them to use third-party logistics logistics costs declined by an average of 18 percent, the average flow of goods from 1 days to 9 days, stock 2% 3, reduction of inventory Third-party logistics service providers with well-planned logistics and timely delivery means, to minimize inventory, improve cash flow of the enterprise to achieve cost 4, enhance the corporate image Third-party logistics service providers and customers is a strategic partnership, the use of third-party logistics provider of comprehensive facilities and trained staff on the whole supply chain to achieve complete control, reducing the complexity of logistics, through their own networks to help improve customer service, not only to establish their own brand image, but also customers in the Second, The purpose of the implementation of logistics managementThe purpose of the implementation of logistics management is to the lowest possible total cost of conditions to achieve the established level of customer service, or service advantages and seek cost advantages of a dynamic equilibrium, and thus create competitive enterprises in the strategic According to this goal, logistics management to solve the basic problem, simply put, is to the right products to fit the number and the right price at the right time and suitable sites available to Logistics management systems that use methods to solve the Modern Logistics normally be considered by the transport, storage, packaging, handling, processing in circulation, distribution and information constitute part of All have their own part of the original functions, interests and System approach is the use of modern management methods and modern technology so that all aspects of information sharing in general, all the links as an integrated system for organization and management, so that the system can be as low as possible under the conditions of the total cost, provided there Competitive advantage of customer Systems approach that the system is not the effectiveness of their various local links-effective simple System means that, there's a certain aspects of the problem and want to all of the factors affecting the analysis and From this idea of the logistics system is not simply the pursuit of their own in various areas of the lowest cost, because the logistics of the link between the benefits of mutual influence, the tendency of mutual constraints, there is the turn of the relationship between For example, too much emphasis on packaging materials savings, it could cause damage because of their easy to transport and handling costs Therefore, the systems approach stresses the need to carry out the total cost analysis, and to avoid the second best effect and weigh the cost of the analysis, so as to achieve the lowest cost, while meeting the established level of customer service Third, China's enterprises in the use of third-party logistics problems in While third-party logistics company has many advantages, but not many enterprises will be more outsourcing of the logistics business, the reasons boil down to: 1, resistance to change Many companies do not want the way through the logistics outsourcing efforts to change the current In particular, some state-owned enterprises, were Flow will also mean that the dismissal of outsourcing a large number of employees, which the managers of state-owned enterprises would mean a very great 2, lack of awareness For third-party logistics enterprise's generally low level of awareness, lack of awareness of enterprise supply chain management in the enterprise of the great role in the 3, fear of losing control As a result of the implementation of supply chain companies in enhancing the competitiveness of the important role that many companies would rather have a small but complete logistics department and they do not prefer these functions will be handed over to others, the main reasons it is worried that if they lose the internal logistics capabilities, customers will be exchanges and over-reliance on other third-party logistics 4, the logistics outsourcing has its own complexity Supply chain logistics business and companies are usually other services, such as finance, marketing or production of integrated logistics outsourcing itself with On a number of practical business, including the integration of transport and storage may lead to organizational, administrative and implementation In addition, the company's internal information system integration features, making the logistics business to a third party logistics companies have become very difficult to 5, to measure the effect of logistics outsourcing by many factors Accurately measure the cost of information technology, logistics and human resources more It is difficult to determine the logistics outsourcing companies in the end be able to bring the cost of how many potential good In addition, all the uniqueness of the company's business and corporate supply chain operational capability, is usually not considered to be internal to the external public information, it is difficult to accurately compare the inter-company supply chain operational Although some manufacturers have been aware of the use of third-party logistics companies can bring a lot of good things, but in practical applications are often divided into several steps, at the same time choose a number of logistics service providers as partners in order to avoid the business by a logistics service providers brought about by Fourth, China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encounteredA successful logistics company, the operator must have a larger scale, the establishment of effective regional coverage area, with a strong command and control center with the high standard of integrated technical, financial resources and business China's third-party logistics companies in the development of the problems encountered can be summarized as follows: 1, operating model At present, most of the world's largest logistics companies take the head office and branch system, centralized headquarters-style logistics operation to take to the implementation of vertical business The establishment of a modern logistics enterprise must have a strong, flexible command and control center to control the entire logistics operations and Real must be a modern logistics center, a profit center, business organizations, the framework, the institutional form of every match with a China's logistics enterprises in the operating mode of the problems of foreign logistics enterprises in the management model should be from the domestic logistics 2, the lack of storage or transport capacity The primary function of logistics is to create time and space utility For now China's third-party logistics enterprises, some companies focus on storage, lack of transport capacity; other companies is a lot of transport vehicles and warehouses throughout the country little by renting warehouses to complete the community's commitment to 3, network problems There are a few large companies have the logistics of the entire vehicle cargo storage network or networks, but the network coverage area is not Customers in the choice of logistics partner, are very concerned about network coverage and network of regional branches of the density The building of the network should be of great importance to logistics 4, information technologyThe world's largest logistics enterprises have "three-class network", that is, orders for information flow, resources, global supply chain network, the global Resource Network users and computer information With the management of advanced computer technology, these customers are also the logistics of the production of high value-added products business, the domestic logistics enterprises must increase investment in information systems can change their market Concentration and integration is the third-party logistics trends in the development of The reasons are: firstly, the company intends to major aspects of supply chain outsourcing to the lowest possible number of several logistics companies; the second, the establishment of an efficient global third party logistics inputs required for increasing the capital; the third Many third-party logistics providers through mergers and joint approaches to expand its service 这是我找的一篇关于第三方物流的外文文献，出处不详，没找到
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中国物流市场在中国入世之后的竞争已经加剧。2001年中国加入WTO后，在中国物流市场，不仅快递、零售领域一下子出现了诸如UPS、FedEx、沃尔玛、家乐福等国际巨头，在传统的码头和航运领域，马士基、新加坡港务、和记黄埔等等重量级国际企业也加快抢滩布点，意在中国总额巨大、年增长速度在30%以上的物流市场。 目前，国内物流业的老大中远集团正在完善在物流业的布局，据中远总裁魏家福日前透露，中国“全球以集装箱班轮为主的单元、国内以为货主提供门到门物流解决方案为主的物流单元，都已经完成，领导班子也已经确立。经过国务院批准，中远的物流公司也已经注册完毕，今年底就能挂牌，名字叫中国远洋物流公司。”在全球物流业，马士基是当之无愧的第一，中远则排名第三。在中国内地的现代物流市场，马士基对中国本土物流企业形成的冲击非常猛烈。2001年获准进入中国以后，马士基已经在中国分布了11个分公司，业务覆盖了中国几乎所有的重点货物流通区域。而没有改制之前的中远、中海、中外运集团，则一直缺乏现代物流企业的架构。从这个意义上说，中远目前在国内物流业的竞争中已经吃了“败仗”。 1、 竞争范围的扩大。 （1）竞争主体的多元化。经济全球化推动社会分工深化，信息技术发展为物流专业分工提供必要的技术基础，物流活动从工商企业经营业务中分离出来，第三方、第四方以及第五方物流的出现和发展意味着储运企业作为物流代名词的终结，形成多方物流与工商业同台竞争的多元化格局。 （2）竞争地域的全球化。生产的国际化带动物流的全球化，跨国公司在全球范围内配置生产营销资源，建立全球供应链，必然对物流服务提出全球化的要求。经济一体化和贸易自由化减少了物流活动的国别或区域限制，推动物流行业竞争朝全球化方向发展。 （3）竞争内容多样化。物流行业的竞争不仅仅反映在运输、仓储或包装等不同功能之间的单独竞争，而是体现为多种功能的综合竞争；不仅仅表现在物流活动过程的竞争，而是转化为物流服务的质量、水平、手段和程序等立体竞争；不单单停留在对市场和顾客的争夺，而进一步扩展到技术、信息、人才乃至于战略伙伴等多层面竞争。 2、 竞争模式的改变。 （1）竞争目的从追求市场份额转变为争夺顾客忠诚。随着物流行业竞争强度加剧，市场份额难以持久，顾客忠诚成为竞争目标。帕累托的“20：80”定律依然适用于物流行业，少数顾客构成主要利润来源，培育和保持这些顾客的忠诚直接关系到物流企业的生存和发展。 （2）竞争重点从功能竞争转向过程竞争，从环节竞争发展到系统竞争。物流竞争地域的全球化和竞争手段的信息化，使得偏重某个物流功能或环节的传统竞争思维，既难以形成和保持竞争优势，也无法适应竞争目标的转变。关注物流活动全过程，协调不同环节之间的物流活动，提高物流系统运行效率，构建物流体系和供应链的整体优势，成为物流企业竞争的重点。 （3）竞争方式从价格竞争向非价格竞争转换。传统的价格竞争方式难以适应这种变化。信息技术降低了顾客搜寻和交易成本，经济全球化缩小了物流服务价格的国别差异价格竞争的效力和作用趋于下降，服务质量、服务效率和服务创新等非价格竞争成为主要竞争方式。 （4） 竞争关系从你死我活的竞争关系发展到既竞争又合作的对抗联合关系。物流服务需求的多样化、复杂化和全球化对物流企业的经营规模、服务能力、营销经验和风险承受等资源和能力提出更高的要求，竞争主体的多元化、竞争层面的交融化和竞争内容的多样化导致物流企业之间犬牙交错的竞争格局，只有与竞争对手建立战略联盟，形成既竞争又合作的互动关系，追求“双赢”的竞争效要，方能更好满足顾客需求，有效应对竞争环境，实现企业竞争目标。 3、 竞争手段的创新。 （1）从有形向无形转换。传统的物流竞争侧重于功能或环节的竞争，物流信息的分散和阻滞导致竞争手段集中于物流设施、运输工具、仓储设备和包装技术等有形部分。随着物流技术的发展和物流设施的完善，物流企业的竞争转向如何利用现代信息技术，整合物流流程、重组物流功能和协调物流环节，从而提高物流体系运作效率等领域，信息技术水平和协调管理能力等无形因素成为主要竞争手段。 （2）从单一竞争转向复合竞争。国际物流市场竞争激烈，单一的竞争手段既难以获取和保持竞争优势，也无法满足顾客多样性复杂化的物流服务需求，呈现出多种促销方式并用，服务、价格和促销多种竞争手段组合的复合竞争态势。 （3） 从依赖内部优势到内部优势和外部资源并重。传统竞争条件下，物流企业依赖的是内部优势，通过自身资源和能力的组合而展开竞争。
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